Unit Two Part One Study Guide

Question 1

What is Eukarya and what makes it special?

Answer 1

it is a domain that has a nucleus to enclose their DNA apart from the rest of the cell

Question 2

What is Bacteria and what makes it special?

Answer 2

it is one of the domains and it reproduces by producing spores and it causes diseases

Question 3

What is Archaea and what makes it special?

Answer 3

it is one of the domains and if reproduces by fission and does not cause disease

Question 4

What are the four kingdoms of Eukarya?

Answer 4

plantae
amelia
fungi
protista

Question 5

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Eukaryotic cells are cells containing membrane-bound organelles and are the basis for both unicellular and multicellular organisms; prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms.

Question 6

What are the purposes and benefits of the classification system?

Answer 6

It organizes all living things and provides a universal way of communication about scientific discoveries/questions

Question 7

What are the limitations of the classification system?

Answer 7

That the system is constantly being updated as new species are discovered, that is does not prove relationship but only groups the species based on observed relationship, and that not everyone agrees on how the system should be organised

Question 8

What is the cell theory?

Answer 8

~ all living things are composed of one or more cells
~ a cell is the basic unit of life in all living cells
~ all of the chemical reactions of living organisms occur with in its cell
~ all cells come from cells

Question 9

Who is Robert Hooke?

Answer 9

He is the person who first identified cells and is responsible for naming them

Question 10

Who is Carl Linnaeus?

Answer 10

He is the guys who discovered binomial nomenclature in the year 1700

Question 11

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 11

it is a two part Latin name of genus and species, it groups genuses and species by homologous trait (basically a very long fancy word that combines the genus and species of an organism into one word)

Question 12

What is the difference between animal and plant cells?

Answer 12

Animal cells each have a small vaculoe, centrosome, and lysosomes, Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole

Question 13

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Answer 13

Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism, multicellular organisms use many different cells to function

Question 14

What does the cell membrane/plasma membrane do/what is it?

Answer 14

it is the border or gate of the cell and it is incharge of what comes in and out of the cell protecting it

Question 14

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 14

it provide structural support for the cell (only in plant cells)

Question 14

What does the cytoplasm do/what is it?

Answer 14

its job is holding the components of the cell and protecting them from damage; its the liquid/jelly stuff inside of the cell

Question 15

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 15

are the power plant of the cell and hold the cells energy

Question 16

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 16

it is the cells “government” and controls the cells and what the cell produces/does

Question 17

What does the Ribosomes do?

Answer 17

they are in the rough ER and are incharge of making proteins

Question 18

What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do?

Answer 18

it is in charge of the manufacturing/construction or making proteins in the cell

Question 19

What does the vacuole do?

Answer 19

it is the storage facility of the cell it holds the nutrients and water for the cell (animal cells have small ones and plant cells have large ones)

Question 20

What does the chloroplast do?

Answer 20

it is the cells food manufacturing area it makes the food for the cell (only in plant cells)

Question 21

What does the Golgi Apparatus do?

Answer 21

it is the post office/ transportation of the cell and it transportes things around the cell

Question 22

What does the lysosomes do?

Answer 22

they break down excess or worn-out cell parts (only in animal cells)

Question 23

What does the centrioles do/how many are there in each centrosome?

Answer 23

there are two of them and they organize microtubules

Question 24

What does the centrosomes do?

Answer 24

they help the cell be able to divide itself in cell division (only in animal cells)

Question 25

What is the modern classification system order?

Answer 25

Life
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 26

What are microtubules?

Answer 26

they serve as the cells skeletal system and help determine the cells shape (only in plant cells)