Unit Two Part One Study Guide Flashcards
What is Eukarya and what makes it special?
it is a domain that has a nucleus to enclose their DNA apart from the rest of the cell
What is Bacteria and what makes it special?
it is one of the domains and it reproduces by producing spores and it causes diseases
What is Archaea and what makes it special?
it is one of the domains and if reproduces by fission and does not cause disease
What are the four kingdoms of Eukarya?
plantae
amelia
fungi
protista
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are cells containing membrane-bound organelles and are the basis for both unicellular and multicellular organisms; prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms.
What are the purposes and benefits of the classification system?
It organizes all living things and provides a universal way of communication about scientific discoveries/questions
What are the limitations of the classification system?
That the system is constantly being updated as new species are discovered, that is does not prove relationship but only groups the species based on observed relationship, and that not everyone agrees on how the system should be organised
What is the cell theory?
~ all living things are composed of one or more cells
~ a cell is the basic unit of life in all living cells
~ all of the chemical reactions of living organisms occur with in its cell
~ all cells come from cells
Who is Robert Hooke?
He is the person who first identified cells and is responsible for naming them
Who is Carl Linnaeus?
He is the guys who discovered binomial nomenclature in the year 1700
What is binomial nomenclature?
it is a two part Latin name of genus and species, it groups genuses and species by homologous trait (basically a very long fancy word that combines the genus and species of an organism into one word)
What is the difference between animal and plant cells?
Animal cells each have a small vaculoe, centrosome, and lysosomes, Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism, multicellular organisms use many different cells to function
What does the cell membrane/plasma membrane do/what is it?
it is the border or gate of the cell and it is incharge of what comes in and out of the cell protecting it
What does the cell wall do?
it provide structural support for the cell (only in plant cells)
What does the cytoplasm do/what is it?
its job is holding the components of the cell and protecting them from damage; its the liquid/jelly stuff inside of the cell
What does the mitochondria do?
are the power plant of the cell and hold the cells energy
What does the nucleus do?
it is the cells “government” and controls the cells and what the cell produces/does
What does the Ribosomes do?
they are in the rough ER and are incharge of making proteins
What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do?
it is in charge of the manufacturing/construction or making proteins in the cell
What does the vacuole do?
it is the storage facility of the cell it holds the nutrients and water for the cell (animal cells have small ones and plant cells have large ones)
What does the chloroplast do?
it is the cells food manufacturing area it makes the food for the cell (only in plant cells)
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
it is the post office/ transportation of the cell and it transportes things around the cell
What does the lysosomes do?
they break down excess or worn-out cell parts (only in animal cells)
What does the centrioles do/how many are there in each centrosome?
there are two of them and they organize microtubules
What does the centrosomes do?
they help the cell be able to divide itself in cell division (only in animal cells)
What is the modern classification system order?
Life
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are microtubules?
they serve as the cells skeletal system and help determine the cells shape (only in plant cells)
