Unit Two Part One: Population & Health Vocabulary

Question 1

Agricultural Density

Answer 1

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Question 2

Arithmetic Density

Answer 2

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Question 3

Census

Answer 3

A complete enumeration of a population.

Question 4

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Answer 4

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Question 5

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Answer 5

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Question 6

Demographic Transition

Answer 6

The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.

Question 7

Demography

Answer 7

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Question 8

Dependency Ratio

Answer 8

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Question 9

Doubling Time

Answer 9

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Question 10

Ecumene

Answer 10

The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Question 11

Epidemiology

Answer 11

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people.

Question 12

Epidemiologic Transition Model

Answer 12

Distinctive cause of death in each stage of the Demographic Transition Model

Question 13

Industrial Revolution

Answer 13

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Question 14

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Answer 14

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

Question 15

Life Expectancy

Answer 15

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. At birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

Question 16

Medical Revolution

Answer 16

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.

Question 17

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Answer 17

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Question 18

Overpopulation

Answer 18

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Question 19

Pandemic

Answer 19

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Question 20

Physiological Density

Answer 20

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

Question 21

Population Pyramid

Answer 21

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Question 22

Sex Ratio

Answer 22

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

Question 23

Total Fertility Rate

Answer 23

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

Question 24

Zero Population Growth

Answer 24

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.

Question 25

Population Distribution

Answer 25

Description of locations on Earth’s surface where populations live

Question 26

population density

Answer 26

A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land

Question 27

scale

Answer 27

Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.

Question 28

Arable Land

Answer 28

land suitable for growing crops

Question 29

carrying capacity

Answer 29

The population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources.

Question 30

age cohort

Answer 30

people born at roughly the same time who pass through the life course together

Question 31

Baby Boom

Answer 31

A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.

Question 32

Mortality

Answer 32

the state of being subject to death

Question 33

Fertility

Answer 33

The production of offspring within a population

Question 34

population doubling time

Answer 34

The number of years it takes a population to double; calculated by dividing the number 72 by the rate of natural increase

Question 35

Elderly support ratio

Answer 35

The number of working-age people (ages 15 to 64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older.

Question 36

Maternal Mortality Rate

Answer 36

The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births

Question 37

Malthusian Theory

Answer 37

Focuses on how the exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of the food supply and lead to social degradation and disorder

Question 38

Neo-Malthusian Theory

Answer 38

Revisions of Malthusian theory about food production and population growth that include more information, such as taking into account the effects of technology.

Question 39

Bosrup’s Theory of Agriculture (Esther Bosrup):

Answer 39

Argued against Malthus. Stated that as population pressure increases, cultures farm more intensively and increase output