Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BI110 - Unifying Life Processes > Unit Two: Overall Cell Knowledge > Flashcards

Unit Two: Overall Cell Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 Types of Cells

A
  1. Prokaryotes
  2. Eukaryotes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are Prokaryote Cells

A
  • smaller than eukaryotic cells
  • microns in length
  • 3 major shapes: spherical, rod-like, sprial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prokaryotes: Nucleoid

A
  • region of the cell within highly folded mass of DNA
  • single circular molecule that unfolds when released
  • containing genes
  • instructions for making new proteins
  • composed with DNA, mRNA, ribosomes, rRNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotes: Cell Wall

A
  • cell wall does not = cell membrane
  • glucocalyx covering (polysacch) slime layer
  • provides protection
  • attatches to surface of other prokaryotes
  • forms a colony
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prokaryotes: Cytoskeletal Structure

A
  • filamentous content
  • maintains shape/structure
  • guides cell division
  • composed of flagella and pili
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prokaryotes: Flagella

A
  • extension of the cell
  • propels prokaryote through fluid environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prokaryotes: Pili

A
  • hair like shafts extending from cell wall function
  • attach prokaryote to surfaces of other cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Eukaryotic Cells

A
  • reffered to as a domain: eukarya
  • 4 main groups: fungi, protists, plants, animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Eukaryotes: Plasma Membrane

A
  • plants, fungal, and protist cells extracellular wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Eukaryotes: Nucleus

A
  • surrounded by nuclear envelope
  • embedded with nuclear pore complexes (nucleoporins)
  • proteins and RNA molecules
  • space inside nucleus filled with chromatin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are nucleoproteins

A
  • exchange molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm
  • protein selective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eukaryotes: Chromatin

A
  • any collection of eukaryotic DNA molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eukaryotes: Nucleoli (one or more)

A
  • bodies within the nucleus
  • forms around genes
  • form ribosomal units until exported
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Cytoplasm

A

jelly-like material holding organelles in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Vacuoles and Vesicles

A

storage and transport abilities inside cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Lysosomes

A
  • digestive purposes
  • absorbs, breaks up, and neutralizes toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Mitochondria

A
  • ATP production with O2
  • “powerhouse” of cell
18
Q

What is the Nucleus

A
  • protects DNA material
  • controlls cell activities
19
Q

What are the Ribosomes

A

builds and composes proteins

20
Q

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A
  • works on protein synthesis
  • membrane production
21
Q

What is the Cell Membrane

A
  • cell boundry
  • controls movement in and out of cell
  • recognizes signals
22
Q

What is the Plasma Membrane

A
  • encloses the cell, defines boundaries
  • transmits information from outside to inside
  • maintains life supporting differences between cytosol and extracellular environment
23
Q

What are the Components of the Plasma Membrane

A
  1. Phospholipids (fundamental unit)
  2. Proteins
  3. Glycoproteins
  4. Cholesterol (20%)
24
Q

What is the Phospholipid Bilayer

A
  • 2 layers of lipid molecules
  • approx 5 nm thick
  • impermable to most water soluble molecules
25
Q

What are Membrane Proteins

A
  1. Serves as receptors detecting extracellular molecules
  2. Molecule transport between cytosol and extracellular environment
  3. Catalzying membrane bound reactions (ATP)
  4. Structural links with cytoskeleton

30% of animal genome codes for membrane proteins

26
Q

What are Ribosomes

A
  • large and small subunits
  • 4 types of RNA molecules and over 80 proteins
  • found within the cytosol
  • protein synthesis cordination
  • “workbench”
  • often called a **ribozyme **
27
Q

What is the Function of Ribosomes

A

transfer the “code” from mRNA into assembly of amino acids making a protein

28
Q

What is the Endomembrane System

A
  • endo: “within”
  • 2 types: rough and smooth
29
Q

What is the Function of the Endomembrane System

A
  • synthesize and transport new proteins
  • sythesis of lipids
  • detoxfication
30
Q

What does the composition of a Ribosome look like

A
  • no membrane
  • over 50 different proteins (ribosomal proteins)
  • ribosomal proteins make up 1/3 of the ribosomes
  • RNA molecules translates and executes messages to DNA
  • Ribosomal RNA make up 2/3 of ribosome
31
Q

How many Ribosomes exist within a cell?

A

10^6

32
Q

What are the two forms of Ribosomes

A
  1. Free
  2. Bound/Fixed (membrane bound)
33
Q

What are the two main components of a Ribosome

A
  1. Small: correctly matches tRNA to mRNA codes
  2. Large: catalyzes peptide bonds, makes polypeptides

1 peptide/s (eukaryotes) —–> 20 peptide/s (prokaryotes)

34
Q

How much of the cell volume does the nuclue occupy?

A
  • occupies 10% of cell volume
35
Q

What does the Nucleus do

one thing

A
  • make new protein
  • houses “blueprint” for construction
36
Q

Major Functions of the Nucleus

A
  1. Amino Acids on “hand” amino acid pool
  2. Tear down existing structures (protein breakdown)
  3. Diet Function
37
Q

What is the Nuclear Envelope

A

2 lipid bilayers

38
Q

Describe the Nnucleau Envelope

A
  • proteins manufactured by ribosomes transported in space
  • keeps cytsol and nuclear enzymes apart
  • directly connected to the ER
  • ribosomes on surface
  • punctured by nuclear pores
  • transport of molecules into and out of nucleus
39
Q

What are some Key Features of the Nuclear Envelope

A
  • nuclear envelope (inner and outer membranes, intermembrane space)
  • nuclear pore complex
  • nucleoplasm
40
Q

What are some important Nuclear Proteins

A
  1. Histones
  2. DNA and RNA polymerase
  3. Gene regulatory proteins
  4. RNA processing proteins

BI110 - Unifying Life Processes (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions