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migration > unit two > Flashcards

unit two Flashcards

1
Q

what is an international economic migrant?

A

a person who moves voluntarily from one country to another to improve their standard of living

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2
Q

what are some push factors for migration from a poorer to a wealthier country?

A

natural disasters, lack of jobs, lack of healthcare, var/civil conflicts, crime rates, political corruption and lack of education

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3
Q

what are some pull factors from a poorer to a wealthier country?

A

better access to jobs, better healthcare, crime rates, weather, better pay and better education

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4
Q

what does diaspora mean?

A

the movement and spreading of a large number of people from one part of the world to another

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5
Q

what is a diaspora community?

A

when people migrated internationally, they transfer their culture with them and establish a new cultural community within their new homeland

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6
Q

how has the uk experienced diaspora?

A

due to its colonial past

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7
Q

during the early 1900’s, how much of the world’s land surface did the uk rule?

A

25%

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8
Q

what happened to the british empire after world war 2?

A

many countries were given back their independence

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9
Q

what is the commonwealth?

A

and intergovernmental organisation of 52 member states that are mostly former territories of the british empire

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10
Q

what did the british nationality act of 1948 allow?

A

gave members of the commonwealth countries the right to migrate to the uk

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11
Q

when and by who was the commonwealth established?

A

in 1949 by the london declaration

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12
Q

what was the first commonwealth diaspora to the uk?

A

from the caribbean in 1948 on hms windrush

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13
Q

how many passengers were on the hms windrush?

A

492

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14
Q

what did the commonwealth immigrants act of 1962 do?

A

restricted those only with government-issued work permit

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15
Q

how did the commonwealth connections lead to a diaspora of diverse communities in birmingham and what were the push and pull factors?

A
  • it was a minority majority city
  • first wave came from military connections
    -thought it would be short-term migration, meaning they could build up and save money
  • hearing about the opportunities
  • people were encouraged to move to birmingham
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16
Q

in 2021, which nationality made up the largest migrant population in the uk?

A
  • june 2021- non-population british = 6.0 million vs the non british born = 9.6 million
  • india continued to be the most non-british birth
  • polish remained the most common non-british nationality
17
Q

to what extent was the commonwealth responsible for the migration in 2021?

A

yes it was responsible because of the british nationality ac in 1948 and established communities, but you could also say that more current political decisions are responsible, like brexit

18
Q

today, how many people for eastern europe living origin are living in the uk?

A

1 million

19
Q

how many countries joined the eu in 2004 and what were they known as?

A

8 countries known as the a8

20
Q

how many economic migrants moved to the uk between 2004 and 2007 and how many were from poland?

A

over 800,000 of which 500,000 from poland

21
Q

what was polish migration like historically?

A

in the 16th century, polish protestants arrived in britain to study the doctrine and tactics of the post-reformation church. by 1867, the first polish channel and polish centre were established. by the end of the 19th century, the polish community had become well established and with 3 main centres in london, manchester and lancashire

22
Q

what are the main occupational groups of polish workers in the uk in 2016?

A

high number of elementary occupations and process plant and machine operatives. these are not extremely skilled and account for a combined 48% of total polish employment

23
Q

what are the positive social impacts of polish migration to the uk for the uk?

A
  • creates a diverse community because cultures mix
  • brings a wide range of skills
  • 80% of migrants are between 18-35 years so they off-set the ageing population
24
Q

what are the positive economic impacts of polish migration to the uk for the uk?

A

contributes to economic growth by an estimated of £2.5 billion every year

25
Q

what are the positive political impacts of polish migration to the uk for the uk?

A

could change minds about other cultures

26
Q

what are the negative social impacts of polish migration to the uk for the uk?

A

huge amounts of people can put pressure on housing, education and healthcare

27
Q

what are the negative economic impacts of polish migration to the uk for the uk?

A

more people = jobs are more competitive = more people in low skilled and low paying jobs

28
Q

what are the negative environmenmtal impacts of polish migration to the uk for the uk?

A
  • more housing needed so there will be more green spaces lost
  • greenhouse gas emissions to increase
29
Q

what are the negative political impacts of polish migration to the uk for the uk?

A

there are tensions between local communities and polish migrants

30
Q

what are the push factors from poland?

A
  • unemployment in poland was nearly 20% in 2004
  • incomes were 4 times lower in poland than in the uk
31
Q

what are the pull factors to the uk?

A
  • desire to experience life abroad and to learn the english language
  • job vacancies in the uk, especially leisure, construction and farming
  • average british wage is 3x the polish wage
32
Q

what are the negative social impacts of polish migration to the uk for the poland?

A

there is a brain drain meaning all the people who would work in poland are leaving to work elsewhere

33
Q

what are the negative economic impacts of polish migration to the uk for the poland?

A
  • less workers due to the youth leaving
  • lack of skilled labour in poland = lower economic growth
34
Q

what are the negative political impacts of polish migration to the uk for the poland?

A
  • politicians have to create schemes to encourage people to return
  • people can’t vote abroad
35
Q

what are the positive social impacts of polish migration to the uk for the poland?

A
  • easier for women to get jobs in poland
  • less strain on schools, healthcare and housing
36
Q

what are the positive economic impacts of polish migration to the uk for the poland?

A
  • many people send money home = £4 billion per year
  • some people come back with more skills
37
Q

why have the polish government been concerned about polish migration?

A

the brain drain is limiting the economic development of its own country

38
Q

since 2017, how many eastern europeans have left the uk?

A

450,000

migration (2 decks)

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