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Ib Biology > Unit Two > Flashcards

Unit Two Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hydrolysis

A

a water molecule is consumed to break covalent bonds

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2
Q

pyruvate

A

found in both plant and animal cells

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3
Q

Ribose

A

five carbon sugar

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4
Q

alpha d glucose

A

six carbon sugar, carbon 1 has a downward facing carboxyl group

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5
Q

beta d glucose

A

six carbon sugar, carbon 1 has an upward carboxyl

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6
Q

enzyme

A

Protein, catalyzes a reaction without being used up in the reaction (interacts not reacts)

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7
Q

catalyst

A

something that speeds up a reaction, wont cause a reaction that wouldn’t naturally occur without said catalyst

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8
Q

phospholipid

A
  • has a phosphate group, 2 fatty acid chains and a glycerol backbone.
  • made up of C O H and P
  • its ‘head’ is a hydrophobic & non polar phosphate group
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9
Q

triglyceride

A
  • fats and oils
  • C O and H
  • hydrophobic & non-polar
    -glycerol, hydroxyl group and three fatty acid chains
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10
Q

Anabolism

A
  • constructive metabolism
  • synthesis of complex molecules
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11
Q

Lactose

A
  • found in animal milk
  • disaccharide
  • glucose + galactose
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12
Q

Monosaccharide

A
  • building blocks of carbohydrates
  • 3, 5 and 6 carbon sugars
  • ex: glucose
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13
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A

a fatty acid chain with at least one double bond between carbons

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14
Q

BMI Equation

A

Weight (KG) / Height^2 (M)

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15
Q

glycogen

A
  • found in animal livers
  • alpha d glucose with 1,4 & 1,6 linkages
  • BRANCHED
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16
Q

cellulose

A
  • structural, found in plants
  • made up of beta d glucoses
  • only 1,4 linkages
  • unbranched
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17
Q

Starch

A

has two forms, amylose and amylopectin

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18
Q

Amylose

A
  • made up of alpha glucose
  • 1,4 linkages only (unbranched)
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19
Q

Amylopectin

A
  • alpha glucose
  • 1,4 and 1,6 linkages (Branched)
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20
Q

Amino Acid

A

Nitrogen surrounded with an R group, a carboxyl and an amine group

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21
Q

Denaturation

A

A structural change of a protein that results in the loss of its biological properties

22
Q

Proteome

A

The unique set of proteins produces by an individual

23
Q

Proteins

A

Are kinda wack

24
Q

Globular Proteins

A

spherical and water soluble

25
Q

linear proteins

A

linear and non soluable

26
Q

Substrate

A

What’s being fit into and synthesized by an enzyme

27
Q

Active site

A

The location on an enzyme that synthesizes the substrate.

28
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all enzyme mediated reactions in cells [M=A+C]

29
Q

anabolism

A

part of metabolism using condensation reactions

Ex: photosynthesis and DNA replication

30
Q

catabolism

A
  • breakdown part of metabolism
  • releases energy
  • Ex: digestion and cell respiration
31
Q

monosaccharides

A

building blocks of carbohydrates

32
Q

amino acid

A

building blocks of proteins

33
Q

nucleotides

A

building blocks of nucleic acids

34
Q

lipids

A

not a polymer, build from fatty acids

35
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • water soluble and polar molecules
  • classified according to complexity
36
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

fatty acids with the max number of hydrogen; no double bonded carbon atoms

37
Q

saturated fatty acids

A
  • solid at room temp
  • straight molecule
  • no double bonded carbon
38
Q

monounsaturated fatty acids

A
  • has one double bond in a fatty acid chain
  • kink at the fatty acid
39
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acid

A
  • at least two carbon bonds in the carbons of a fatty acid chain
  • liquid at room temp
  • very bendy
40
Q

Hydrogenation

A

process by which cis and trans fatty acids are formed

41
Q

cis fatty acid

A
  • unsaturated fatty acids
  • hydrogen bonds are on the same side of a double bond
  • kinked
42
Q

trans fatty acid

A
  • unsaturated fatty acids
  • manufactured in a lab
  • hydrogen bonds are on the opposite sides of double carbon bonds
  • straight chain
  • tres mal.
43
Q

Esther Linkage

A

the linkage of glycerol to the fatty acid chains via the hydroxyl group

44
Q

Proteins

A
  • made of C H O N and sometimes S
  • vary based on the sequence of amino acids
  • the creation is moderated by DNA coding
45
Q

Rubisco

A

protein functioning in phot synthesis

46
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein that transports oxygen around the body

47
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies (protective function of proteins)

48
Q

Actin + Myosin

A

contractive proteins in muscles

49
Q

collegen

A

connective tissue

50
Q

insulin

A

regulates glucose levels

51
Q

rhodopsin

A

allows for sight

52
Q

Activation Energy

A

energy needed to trigger the formation of new bonds

Ib Biology (1 decks)

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