Unit Three Flashcards
What is the meaning of feedstock
A reactant from which other chemicals can be extracted or made
Raw materials meaning
The material from which the feedstock are derived
Batch process meaning
A reaction in which the reactants are mixed reacted then the reaction vessel is completely emptied
Continuous process meaning
A reaction where reactants flow into the reactor at one end products flow out at the other end this process does not stop.
Advantages and disadvantages of continuous process
Advantage
Don’t need to reheat
Large scale
Computer control
Disadvantage
Single product
Computer controlled
Three main environmental considerations of the chemical industry are
How waste can be minimised
How can we avoid making toxic substances
Can we design products that will biodegrade
Industrial processes are designed to ___
Profit and_____the impact on the environment.
Maximise, minimise
What is the molar volume
Is the volume occupied by one mole of any gas. The same value is obtained for all gasses at the same temperature and pressure
Define equilibrium
A reversible reaction. The forward rate is equal to the reverse rate.
How does changing the temperature effect equilibrium
INCREASE- favour the endothermic reaction bc it will absorb heat from surroundings
DECREASE- favours the exothermic reaction bc it releases heat to surroundings
What is le chateliers principle
If a system at equilibrium is subjected to any change,the system readjusts itself to counteract this change
What is the effect of pressure on equilibrium
INCREASE- favours the side that has the least moles of gas present
DECREASES- favours the side that has the most moles of gas present
Describe enthalpy
The store of chemical energy
Describe the enthalpy of combustion
The energy change when one mole of a substance burns completely in oxygen
What is Hess law
The enthalpy change of a chemical reaction is independent of the route taken
