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World History > Unit Three > Flashcards

Unit Three Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the renaissance?

A
  • Revival of learning classical Greece and Roman knowledge

- “Rebirth” in Europe after the dark ages which started in the 1400s

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2
Q

Why did the renaissance start?( 4 reasons listed)

A

trade increase/ government strengthen/religion less/ human potential increased

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3
Q

how did trade in cities change the renaissance

A

Crusades created a demand for luxury goods = people start to trade again and go to cities for the products they could not get in their own village

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4
Q

how did Government change for the renaissance

A

The 100-year war allowed kings to gain more power and taxability. Nationalism grew to fight for the king and not their lord.

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5
Q

how did religion change for the renaissance

A

Crusades and black death= the weekend power of the catholic church on people.(if the church cant protect you from the plague, what can it do?) ( crusades brought new knowledge- not dependent on the church for knowledge)
Less dependent on church during Renaissance- BUT still very religious

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6
Q

how did human potential change for the renaissance

A
  • Middle ages people worked as peasants and lived on earth just to die and live a good life in heaven
  • The black death killed so many people- peasants able to leave the manor and find work in cities. Less people= higher demand= higher wages able to ask for.
  • Individuals became the center of attention = can do more during life now rather than waiting for the afterlife.
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7
Q

Why did the renaissance start in Italy?

A
  • Italian merchants started meeting the demand( GEOGRAPHY/ LOCATION OF ITALY IS THE CONNECTOR BETWEEN EUROPE AND SILK ROAD)
  • Merchant families began very rich= they wanted to show off new wealth since social status could not reach royal. Did this by commission art etc= renaissance starts
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8
Q

What is secular humanism? Why did it start during this time, and the effect of the idea?

A
  • The belief that humanity is capable of morality and self-fulfillment without belief in God.
  • More education population because people going to cities to learn.
  • This encourages more people to care about life/ human potential and ability. Weakens church hold even more.
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9
Q

How did the renaissance influence art?

A

People are educated and learning math and science/ caring about secular humanism

Art is not only about religion and if so includes “normal” humans as well not only religious

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10
Q

What are the new art techniques used in the renaissance? (5)

A

-Perspective- shows dimensions now/ background /vanishing point

Realism- more realistic colors/ figures in the paintings

Humanism- places humans not religion over

Emotion-show emotion of the people in pictures now

secularism - of this earth images and not only in heaven pictures.

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11
Q

What was the protestant reformation?

A

The religious movement in Europe during 1500 split away from the catholic church and created a new branch of Christianity-protestant. Started by Martin Luther( catholic monk)

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12
Q

Why was Martin Luther mad at the Catholic Church?

A

He was upset with the selling of indulgences( paying to get “tickets” to heaven) (giving church money to guarantee your sins are forgiven and will go to heaven) instead of actually helping people not sin

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13
Q

What was the impact of the printing press on the protestant reformation?

A
  • Mass produce books now( in 5-month printing press can produce 500 books, before 5 months to make ONE book!)
  • The most produced book was the Bible/ was printed in “common language”( everyone’s langue not only Latin which the Church could only read)

Everyone could start questioning the church/ did not need church if had their own Bible

Martin Luther’s ideas could be mass-produced and more people can now agree with his grievances

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14
Q

What was the impact of the protestant reformation on Europe?

A

Germany protected martin luther= able to continue to spread his ideas

Religious wars broke out in Europe and lasted for hundreds of years. Nations created and broke away from Holy Roman Empires’ control.

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15
Q

Why were Europeans exploring starting to explore?( 3 reasons)

A

Wealth - after the crusades Europe wanted silk road wealth but it was controlled by Islamic empires who could charge higher prices. Wanted to find a new route that bypassed the silk road to Asia

Spread of Christianity- after crusades religion gained importance to spread and was justified

New technology- learned from crusades/ Islamic empires. Better sails/map-making/astrolabe

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16
Q

What was the reason why Portugal was one of the first European nations to start exploring?

A

Had prince- henry the navigator- who invested in schools to help learn how to navigate
Started exploring in Africa and found wealth- wanted to find more

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17
Q

Why was the line of Demarcation created? What did it do?

A

Both Spain and Portugal thought they had the right to discovery and ability to control/own the new route to Asia. ( Spain found Bahamas though not new route- Portugal did find new path through the southern tip of Africa and around)

Line divided the Atlantic ocean. Right of line goes to Portugal/ left goes to Spain

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18
Q

Why was the Dutch East Indian company created and the effect of it?

A

After dutch became independent- wanted to gain power. Able to dominate spice trade by having power to mint money, make treaties, raise armies

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19
Q

How did Hernan Cortes conquer the Aztecs? What advantages did he have over them? (5)

A

-In terms of development, Europe simply had a head start in development
Mexican civilization was developing more quickly than European civilization had – but they just got started later
Advanced weaponry
Metal armor/ guns/

-Military tactics
Aztecs, “battle was ideally a sacred duel between matched warriors”
Spanish fought “cowardly” (shot weapons at a distance, avoided hand-to-hand combat, hid behind their cannons)

-Allies
Aztecs had lots of enemies…since they demanded tribute in human sacrifices from conquered regions
Malintzin- Cortes “Lengua”( Cortes interpreter. She was from an enemy region they had conquered)

HORSES! - SPANISH HAD ONLY

DISEASE- killed many Aztecs before the fighting started. Fewer people to fight!

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20
Q

How did the Spanish view the Aztecs after?

A

As barbaric, evil animals who don’t deserve to be treated like human beings.-Conquistadors viewed
As innocent, naïve children who don’t know any better.- Priests viewed

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21
Q

Why did Native Americans not have the same diseases as Europeans?

A

Did not have plague in Americas/ did not have Animals that were domesticated and lived near humans

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22
Q

How did the Encomienda system work?

A

Spanish king granted new settlers to the Americas with indigenous workers. Spanish settlers in return will protect them and provide for them. In reality, they were treated as slaves and died of poor treatment

23
Q

Casta system was:

A

The social class system was put in place by the Spanish for their colonies in the Americas. Had specific laws for people in each class.

24
Q

Casta systems structure

A

-Peninsula- Spanish people born in Spain and traveled to the Americas. Only ones who could hold some public offices

Creoles- descendants of Spanish people born in the Americas. Church officials and other lower public offices only.

Mestizos- Spanish/Indigenous.- could not hold jobs in law, medicine, engineering

Mulattoes- Spanish/African

Native Americans- forbidden to own horses, bear arms, dress like European

African slaves

25
Q

Why did Spain give the southwest American lands to priests over explorers?

A

Southwest America and California did not have Gold discovered right away( so thought did not have any) vs. Latin and Central America who had Gold visible

26
Q

What is the difference between who came to North America versus South America? How does this affect its settlement?

A

South America- only Spanish men. More complex social structures created

North America- entire families. Did not procreate with indigenous/slaves so more segregated social classes

27
Q

Effect of the Columbian exchange on the world

A

Products like disease, coffee, livestock, grains were brought to the Americas
Products like tobacco, pumpkin, peppers, corn, potato brought to Europe
The middle passage used to bring African slaves to the new world

28
Q

Columbian exchange was

A

Columbian exchange- animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable disease, & ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian Hemispheres after Columbus discovery

29
Q

Mercantilism

A

A new economic system developed because of the discovery of the Americas by Europeans. It based the wealth of European nations by how much silver and gold they had and if they were exporting more products than importing goods. This meant they needed to have colonies to get their raw resources from (gold and lumber etc.) and then brought it back to Europe to make it into finished goods to sell back to the colonies for a profit.

30
Q

Why did the Spanish start to use slaves from Africa over Native Americans? (5)

A
  • Native were dying off in large numbers and needed labor to work the harsh fields of sugar
  • Already had plagues
  • Experienced with farming already
  • Not likely to escape( did not know the land)
  • Could determine who slaves were easier by skin color only
31
Q

What was the effect of Columbus on the Taino people? How.

A

Killed off almost all of them from disease

32
Q

How was religion connected to the conquest of the Americas?

A

-The new money/gold/.resources collected from Americans were used to fuel religious wars started from the protestant reformation in Europe.

Religion was used as a reason for why allowed to conquer indigenous populations

33
Q

What resource did Russia want? Why and how did they get it?

A

Fur- Europe going through a mini ice age. They conquered Siberia

34
Q

Why did Japan close its doors? What was the effect of this on Japan?

A

Japan’s shogun was getting closer with an English protestant and the catholic missionaries already in Japan were getting nervous( religious wars in Europe going on between the two) Catholic missionaries tried to overthrow the shogun, failed. The Japanese government then did not trust any foreigners and kicked them out and shut down the borders.

Effect- Japan had 250 years of peace. The culture was able to expand and strengthen without foreign influence.

35
Q

How was the tulip bubble an example of capitalism?

A

Tulips were traded back and forth on speculations only( hoping they would gain in profit) and not physically traded, instead used IOUs.

36
Q

Explain the Aztec culture:

Government structure

A

38 provinces broken up of 15 million people. Based power on military conquest and tribute gained from conquested people.

Loose control over the empire, letting local rulers govern their own regions

37
Q

Explain the Aztec culture:

social structure

A

Empire -absoluet power

Noble class- military leaders, government officials, priests

Commoners- merchants, artisans, soldiers, farmers who owned land

Enslaved people

38
Q

Explain the Aztec culture:

religion

A

Worshipped 1,000 different gods.

Practiced human sacrifice for Huitzilopochtli( sun god) who made the sunrise every day. For him to be strong enough to battle evil every night in order for the sun to rise, needed human blood. Used war prisoners

39
Q

Explain the Aztec culture:

interaction with environment

A

Build Tenochtitlan city- on an island site. To connect the city- built three raised roads(causeways) over the water and marshland. Canals brought people to the city.

Used floating gardens/ chinampas - to grow food in marshland around city

40
Q

Aztec downfall

A

Provinces rose up against Aztecs because they kept requiring more and more sacrifices.
Spanish come and conquered them

41
Q

Importance of Quetzalcoatl

A

Quetzalcoatl- was a feathered serpent god that was exiled from the region and legend said he would come back to bring new light and peace. Aztecs will think of him as a pale-skinned man with a beard.

42
Q

Incans government

A

-80 provinces/ 16 million people.

Powerful military but strong diplomacy.
Allowed conquered people to keep own culture and traditions

Government had total control over overpopulation - controlled economic activity and distribution of of goods. No private commerce or trade

43
Q

how did the Incan empire create unity

A

Official language/ founded schools to teach Incan ways/ all government buildings looked the same/ build connecting road network/

44
Q

what was the Incas social structure

A

Emperor and family
Nobles
Commoners(a subgroup of commoners was the original Incans vs conquered peoples)
No slaves

45
Q

Incans religion?

A

primary Incan god was a creator god called Viracocha. Next in importance was the sun god, Inti. Because the Incan ruler was considered a descendant of Inti, sun worship amounted to worship of the king.
focused on key nature spirits such as the moon, the stars, and thunder. In the balance of nature, the Inca saw patterns for the way humans should relate to each other and to the earth.

Incan priests led the sun-worship services, assisted by young women known as mamakuna, or “virgins of the sun.” These women, all unmarried, were drafted by the Inca for a lifetime of religious service.

Sacrifices of llamas

46
Q

Allyu

A

Extended family groups. Undertook community projects together (building canals or agriculture terraces) chief of the family ruled the Allyu and was divided into 10/ 100/ 10,000

47
Q

Mita

A

Labor tribute.

It required all able-bodied citizens to work for the state a certain number of days every year. In one’s life, 90 days were spent serving the gods through building or working on temples, 90 days were spent serving the kings through building or working on palaces, and 90 days were spent serving the people through building common infrastructure and necessary public spaces.

48
Q

The downfall of the Inca?

A

sons of the emperor fought over the ruler so divided regions into two. Civil war broke out for control of the entire empire though. War tore the empire apart. soon after was when Spanish came and conquered the region.

49
Q

Explain the culture of the plains Native Americans

A

little rainfall/ buffalo important used for everything in life/ moved with buffalo

50
Q

Explain the culture of the southwest Native Americans

A

built adobe homes/ climate dry and hot/ kivas religious ceremonies underground
Ancestors were Hohokam and anasazi

51
Q

explain the culture of the eastern woodlands

A

longhomes/ thick forests/ hunter and grew corn/ settled and did not move around.

  • Great league of peace
  • ancestors mound builders
52
Q

explain the culture of the great basins

A

very rocky lands/ moved around/ ate insects/ lived in teepees

53
Q

explain the culture of the pacific northwest

A

mild climate/ lots of rain/ giant cedar trees. Plank houses/ canoes and potlatch- WOODWORKING

World History (1 decks)

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