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Climate 10 > Unit test > Flashcards

Unit test Flashcards

1
Q

Define Weather

A

state of the atmosphere at a particular place at a particular time. (heat, dryness, sunshine, rain, wind)

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2
Q

Define Climate

A

Weather conditions in an area over a long period of time (min of 30 years)

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3
Q

Define Biosphere

A

Regions of the surface, atmosphere and hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms. (thin layer of earth suitable for supporting life)

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4
Q

Zones of Biosphere

A

Lithosphere (Land)
Hydrosphere (Water)
Atmosphere (Air)

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5
Q

Lithosphere

A

(land) is the outer solid part of the earth (crust). It floats on the semi molten mantle. Life is found to depths of several kms

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6
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All of the earths water. 97% marine salt waters and 3% fresh water which is still mostly frozen.

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7
Q

Atmosphere

A

It rises over 500km from the surface of earth. it is composed of different gases. It is the most abundant one. it contains varying amount of suspended particle matter called atmospheric dust that can have living or non living organisms.

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8
Q

Atmospheric Zones

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere.

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9
Q

Troposphere

A

0-10km above sea level

  • oxygen content capable of supporting life
  • are where ‘weather’ occurs due to the clouds
  • temp decreases with altitude and average temp is 15 C.
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10
Q

Stratosphere

A

-Ozone and ozone layer (contains most ozone gas)
10-40km above earths surface
-temp increases with distance from surface
-starts at -60C and goes to 0 C,
-Clumps of cells but no other life found.

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11
Q

Mesosphere

A

40-50km above surface

-temp decreases from 0C at bottom to -100 C at top.

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12
Q

Thermosphere

A

50-300km above surface

  • temp increases from -100 C to 1500 C.
  • Little gas found in these layers
  • Temp change is not fully understood yet
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13
Q

Climate change

A
  • change that occurs in the climate of a region over a min of 30 years
  • the change is found by the average temp over the years
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14
Q

3 adaptations made by organisms for climate change

A
  1. Cactus (Dry climate) Has fat leaves to prevent water loss.
  2. Snow animals (cold climate) have tiny ears to minimize heat loss.
  3. Elephants (Hot climate) Have large years to maximize heat loss.
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15
Q

Difference between Anecdotal evidence and scientific evidence.

A

Anecdotal evidence is evidence stated by people and scientific evidence is evidence collected and interpreted in a scientific manner.

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16
Q

Thermal Energy

A

Internal energy of an object (heat)

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17
Q

Radiant energy

A

energy that travels in waves or particles. Particularly electromagnetic radiation.

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18
Q

Insolation

A

amount of solar energy (how much sun) is received by a region of the earths surface.

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19
Q

Angle of Inclination

A

refers to the degree of the earths tilt from the poles (23.5 degrees)

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20
Q

When is it summer in the Northern Hemisphere

A

When the North pole is tilted towards the sun

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21
Q

When is it winter in the Northern Hemisphere

A

When the North pole is tilted away from the sun

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22
Q

Equinox

A

When one of the two points in the earths orbit have equal amount of daylight hours and amount of night hours.

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23
Q

Solstice

A

When one of the two points in the earths orbit at which the poles are most tilted towards or away from the sun

24
Q

Angle of incidence

A

the angle that an incident line or ray makes with a perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

25
Q

What happens when particles reflect energy

A

they change the rays from the suns direction

26
Q

What happens when particles absorb energy

A

the energy is converted into another form.

27
Q

Albedo

A

light from sun is either absorbed and converted to heat or is reflected back into space

28
Q

Natural Greenhouse Effect

A

Solar energy from sun passes through atmosphere. the earths surface is heated and radiates heat back in space whiles ghg’s in atmosphere traps some heat

29
Q

Green house gases

A

Traps heat in the atmosphere

  • water vapour
  • CO2
  • Nitrous oxides
  • Methane
30
Q

Net radiation Budget

A

Difference between the mount of incoming radiation and outgoing radiation re-emitted from earths surface and atmosphere

Net radiation Budget = incoming - outgoing

31
Q

Incoming radiation includes…

A

all of the radiation that reaches the surface of the earth

32
Q

Outgoing Radiation

A

Refers to that which is emitted from the earths surface and atmosphere

33
Q

Which parts of earth have net radiation budget surpluses

A

Poles (south and north) and the earths equator

34
Q

Conduction

A

is the energy thats transferred by direct contact. the particles only vibrate and rotates and can only occur in solids. (ex- handle of pot gets hot)

35
Q

Convection

A

Is the transfer of energy through particles. It occurs in gases and liquids. Form currents of flow (ex- water being heated)

36
Q

Atmospheric Pressure

A

Pressure exerted by a mass of air. Warmer air is less dense and has less pressure (opposite for cold air)

37
Q

Wind

A

movement of cooler air from areas of high pressure to low

38
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

the earth spins and causes the moving air to flow in a certain direction. South poles spins left and North poles spins to the right.

39
Q

Global wind patterns

A
  • Trade winds(near equator 0-30degrees) causes Northeast and Southeast currents
  • Westerly Winds (30-60 degree altitudes) cold air rushes west
  • Easterly Winds (60-90 degree) sinking cold air is pushed east
40
Q

Jet stream

A

-Bond of fast moving air in the stratosphere. Less friction due to altitude changes in the jet stream causes change in local weather

41
Q

Where does the hydrosphere transfer thermal energy ?

A

it transfers thermal energy from warmer latitudes near the equator to cooler areas near the poles by global winds

42
Q

Currents in the Northern Hemisphere are driven…

A

clockwise

43
Q

Currents in the Southern Hemisphere are driven….

A

Counter clockwise

44
Q

Calorimeter

A

a device used to determine the transfer of thermal energy

45
Q

Water Cycle Process

A

Water evaporates from surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere condensing to clouds which leads into precipitation falling as rain, snow, hail etc into large bodies of water or the land or it runs off objects into those things. Trees then soak up the water off the ground and transfers it through the roots and stems then gives off water vapour into the air which is called transpiration

46
Q

Water table

A

the level below which the ground is saturated with water

47
Q

Open systems

A

exchange matter and energy with its surroundings is an open system

48
Q

closed system

A

does not exchange matter with its surroundings but does exchange energy

49
Q

Biome

A

Large geographical region with particular range of temp + precipitation levels. plants and animals have adapted to those conditions. Biomes are open systems

50
Q

Rain forest

A
  • average temp 25-30 degrees C
  • 200cm of precipitation per year
  • parrots, toucans, shrubs, lizards, leave trees
51
Q

Desert

A
  • average temp 12-21 degrees C
  • less than 25 cm of precipitation per year
  • cactus, centipedes, snakes, scorpions
52
Q

Tundra

A

-arctic region
-average temp -15 t0 5 degrees C
more than 20cm/year
-lichens, mosses, arctic fox, wolves, polar bears

53
Q

Taiga

A
  • boreal forest
  • temp 4 to 14 degrees C
  • 4-100cm/year
  • lichens, mosses, hawks, woodpeckers, moose, bear, wolves, rabbits
54
Q

Deciduous forest

A

14 to 27 degrees C
75-100 cm/year
-trees, mosses, lichens, insects, birds, deer, bear, wolf

55
Q

Grassland

A

-grassy regions
4 to 18 degrees C
25-57 cm/year
-grass, trees, insects, birds, zebras, lions, mice, rabbits

Climate 10 (1 decks)

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