unit test 7 Flashcards
What were the physical results for the south after the civil war?
- 70% of south shipping industires were desestated
- 1000 mies of railroads destroyed
- 35% of livestock gone
what were the human costs of the war?
- 200,000 southeners killed
- 33% of southern white men killed/wounded
- 364,000 northeners killed
- 38,00 African americans killed
what was the status of African americn after the war in the south?
free, but now had to fend for themselves
what were the effects for the plantation oweners?
lost 3 billion in slaves, 100 million in abandoned property
how were the poor white families affected by the freed slaves?
there was competition for jobs now
wat was the major question concerning the concept of reconstruction?
punish or pardon the south?
what were the 4 steps to lincolns plan he made before he was killed?
- pardon any confederate who would take and oath of alleigencce to the union
- no pardons for any confederate government/ military officer/official or anyone who killed an African American POW’s
- a state may hold a convention to create new constitution after 10% of the white male population in that state swore alleigence to the union
- states may then hold elections and participate in the union
what was the problem with lincolns plan for African americans
no nothing rights (
why did li coln not mention “readmitting” confederate states?
he believed they never left the union
what was the goal of the radical republicans?
true equality for all citizens
why was their plan not put into effect?
Lincoln pocket-veoted the bill
who became the president after the death of Lincoln?
Andrew johnson
why was andrew Johnson able to sympathize with both the north and the south?
He was born a relitivly poor southerner, but he was a part of the uion and a democrat
what were the major points to johnsons plan?
- pardon southeners who swear alleigence to union
- each state may hold a constitutional convention
- states must void secession, abolish slavery, and ignore confederate debts
- states may hold elections and rejoin union
what new problems arose in the southern states?
new government in the states were run by racist whites who wanted to ensure that blacks had restricted freedoms in their states
what were four examples of the “black codes”?
- curfew (blacks not allowed out after dark)
- vagrancy (blacks can be fined, whiped etc., for not working)
- contracts (blacks had to sign a contract for a year of labor)
- land (blacks could only rent homes in rural areas (worst parts))
why did the radical republicans not approve of johnsons plan?
because of the problems that arose and his unwillingness to address them
what does their new plan call for?
- south is under martial law and divided into 5 districs, each governed by a northern general
- southern states must hold new elections and create new state governments
- all qualified male voters (including blacks) must be allowed to vote
- no confederate supporters may vote
- southern states must garentee qual rights to all citizens
- states must ratify the 14th admenment
why did the radical republicans dislike Johnson so much?
Johnson vetos way too much, they had completely differ views, they wanted to take him down
why were imoeachment proceedings on Johnson started?
he tried to fire Stanton- was a violation on the tenure act
how did Johnson fare in the house of reps?
126-47 voted to impeach him
why was Johnson ultimately not removed from office?
2/3 has to vote to impeach him- he survived by one vote
who won the election of 1868?
Ulysses s. grant
why was this person so popular thoughout the country?
very well liked for being a great general in the civil war
why was he considered an ineffective president?
effective as a general but lacked skills needed to be president and he was easily minipluated by congress
who were the carpet baggers? why were thy given this name?
northern republicans who went south seeking to make money off the misery of the south
who were the scalawags? what did this name mean?
white southeners wh supported the republican party. this term was meant to characterize these people as traitors
southern terrorism:
- white southeners who were upset at the defeat of the confederacy and the newfound freedon of the blacks sought to fight back
- they formed the society known as the ku klux klan
- they used threats and violence to spread their vewis, killing thousands
- membership in the ku klux klan was common amoung white southern males
responding to the Klan:
- at president grant’s request, congress responded to the Klan violence
- they passed the enforcement act of 1870 which prevented klansmen from interfering with voting rights of blacks
- thousands of kllansmen were arrested and tried and the Klan was virtually whipped out
ending reconstruction:
- by 1872 most confederates had been pardoned and the democrat party regained much power in the south
- the supremem court handed down several decisions that left interpretation of the 14th and 15th amendment to the states
- the presidential election of 1876 pitted republican Rutherford b. Hayes against democrat samual J. tilden. hayes won by one more electoral vote than tilden but tilden won the popular vote
- results in four staes were disputed
compromise of 1877:
- a commission was created to solve the dispute over the election of 1876
- more republicans were on the commission than democrats
- the commission named hayes the victor, but the democrats in congress rejected the decision
- they agreed to the compromise of 1877 which allowed hayes to become president in return for the removal of federal troops from the south
- the democrats now had full control of the south
- reconstruction is considered “complete” in 1877
successes of reconstruction:
-union restored
-economy saved
-14th nd 15th amendments
-more opportunities for African americans
southern states implanted mandatory education
failures of the reconsrruction:
- bitterness of white southeners toward federal government
- south is slow to industrialize
- southern state governemnts and KKK deny 14th and 15th admendments
- southerners left in poverty
- racist attitudes toward blacks
13th amendment:
abolish slavery
14th admendment:
equal protection under law
15th amendment:
right to vote for qualified males
