Unit test #5 Flashcards
what number president and year was Andrew jackson
7th, 1828
who did Jackson defeat in the election
john quincy adams
in the election of 1824 what happened
Jackson and adams tied
what did Jackson accuse adams of making, and with who
a corrupt bargin with henry clay
what would adams do for clay inreturn
make him secretary of state
what happened at Jackson’s inagoration
it was wild, his supporters partied so hard that they ended up trashing the white house
what helped Jackson to becoming elected
it was no longer required for man to own property to vote, there was also a voter turnout of 57 percent, which was much higher than usual.
what political changes did Jackson make when he made office
he was the first to use the spoils system, which rewarded supporters with governemtn positions
Also by the next election the US was using a national convention to nominate canidates for president
what as Jackson’s nick name
blad hickory
why was Jackson different from past presidents
he was born poor, he had been fighting in battles against the native americans since he was 13, he was a colonal in the army; achieving fame at the battle of new Orleans during the war of 1812
what was Jackson known as and why
he was known as the self made man, because of his upbringingand he had achieved fame without family or political connections. he worked at a planter in the south and owned slaves.
because of his life as a planter, what was he wary of
intellectuals
what things did Jackson survive
an assanination attempt, several duels, being shot at one of the duels in the chest and walking away from it, the bullet forever in his chest
what did some people claim about Jackson and who did they refer to him too because of this
they believed he was asserting too much power as president and called him king andrew
what did congress do in 1828
raised tariffs/taxes on imported goods
why did they do this
to encourage people to buy goods from the north
how did the tarrifs affect the south
hurt the south because they had to pay higher prices
what did south Carolina threaten to do
secede from the US if they we forced to pay the tariffs
what did the decision of SC lead to
the nullification crisis
what was the nullification crisis
Jackson sent in federal troops t force the people to follow the law and threatened to hang the leader of the rebellion if they didnt
who was the leader of the rebellion
john calhoon, jacksons VP
what did Jackson not like the idea of having
a ntional bank
why did Jackson not like the banks president
he felt that he had too much power ove the nations economy, and that it was bad to have all the nations money in one bank
who supported the national bank
hennery clay, jacksons main oponient, this topic became a major campaign debate in the 1832 election
when Jackson was re-elected in 1832, what did he veto
he vetoed the re-charter of the national bank and took all the federal money and split it all up into smaller “pet” banks in all different states
what was Jackson’s most infamous event durng his presidency
the native American removal from their homelands
why did Jackson want to remove the NA’s
he wanted to remove them form the south east to provide more land for farmers
what did he tell the NA’s
he promised them land in the west
which five tribes did not want to give up their land
Cherokee, creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and seminole
what did the Cherokee go for far to do
they went as far as to assiilate to the white culture by speaking English, worshiping Christianity, dressing like them, and owning slaves
what did the supremem court say and how did Jackson react
they ruled in favor of the NA’s and said that they could remain on the land, but Jackson ignored the order and tricked tribal leaders into signing the indian removal act, causing the Na’s to lose their land
what happened when the chreokee tribe refused to leave
Jackson ordered the military to round them up and force them to move.
how many Na’s did the military force to leave and leave
they forced about 13000 NA’s and made them march to the indain territory
what state was the indian territory in
what is now oklahoma
how many Na’s died along the way and what is the trail known as
about 4000 Na’s died on what is known as the trail of tears
what does the term antebellum mean
pre-war
what were the 5 reform movements during the second great awakening
- temperance
- abolitionism
- woman’s rights
- asylum and penal reform
- education
how do the belifs of the Unitarians differ from the those of the puritains
uni: a god of love, and forgivness
pur: a god of hate and anger
according to a unitarrian, how does a person show love for god
going out and doing good for others, helping people
why did social reform movements occur mainly in the north
sountheners refused reform because they feared the abolination of slavery
what does it mean by “social gospel”
the idea that you take what you learn in church and apply it to your daily life
what two religions groups see the greatest increase in membership
Baptists, methiodists
what was the goal of the temperance movement
to eliminate social promlems by curbing (limiting) drinking
why are there drastic increases and decreases in alcohol consumtion in the US
wars-drops
peace-rises
what three places did the asylum movement focus in reforming
orphanages, jails, hospitals
what changed about the goal of these asylums
confinement- shifted to the reform of personal character
who was the major leader of the asylum movement
dorthea dix
what were some of the conditions she reported
being changed, kept in cages/closets, beaten with rods
what effect does she have on asylums in america
in response to the efforts, 28 states maintained mental institutions by 1860
who is the leader of the education reform movement
Horace mann
what are some new educational ideas that mann introduced
- state board of education
- teachers should be trained
- history/geogrphy
why was Oberlin college different from any other college
it was the first coed college
what is the name of the first woman only college
mount holyoke
what is the goal of the abolitionist movement
free slaves and sent them back to Africa to a free state
how do gradualists and immediatists differ on the slavery issue
grad- gradualy have slavery fade out
imm- slavery is totally immoral we need to get rid of it right away
who was the newspaper editor who was a leading abolisionist
William Lloyd garrison
what is the newspaper called
the liberator
what are some of garrisons main ideas on the slavery issue?
- immediate end to slavery
- racial equality
- slave holders should not be compensated for loss of slavery
why was Frederick douglas such an influencial abolisionist
he ecaped rom slavery in Maryland and lived through it
-he was educated (illegally taught when he was a slave)
who is issabella baumfree
also called sojourner truth
-she travels and tells people about slavery and woman’s rights
what is the under ground railroad
escape passage fro slaves to the north
why were white americans important to the success of the underground railroad
they provided safe houses
what are some terms of the under ground railroad that are similar to the real rail road
conductor: leader of the escape
passengers: escaping slaves
tracks: routes
trains: farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves
depots: safe houses
where does slavery grow most rapidly between 1820-1860
cotton belt
what are some conditions of woman in the 19th century
- unable to vote
- legal status of a minor
- single-can own her own property
- married-no control over her property or her children
- could not initiate divorce,
- couldn’t make sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission
what does the term “cult of domesticity” mean
- womans job is to be at home cooking cleaning, and raising children
- husbands job to be out making money, and protecting family
where did the womans rights convention take pkace in 1848
Seneca falls new york
who wrote the Seneca falls declaration
elizibeth cady stanton
what is the declaration modled after
the declaration of independence
what two factors made immigration increase in America in the 1800’s
- growth in industry, a lot more jobs available
- expanding physically as a country, west more land available and cheap
about how many immagrants came to America between 1840 and 1860
4 million
where did most of these immigrants come from
Germany and ireland
what are the “push” factors
reasons why people want to leave the country they were in
what are the “pull” factors
why you want to go to a certain country
give some examples of both push and pull factors
push: war, famine, lack of freedom Pull: land, freedom, jobs
what tw reasons caused the irish to come to America in the 1800’s
- irish potato famine
- little opportunity for wealth in ireland
where did most irish settle
large cities on the east coast
what jobs did they have
men: builders woman: domestic servants
why did many germans leave their country
political/economic issues
where did they settle
midwest
what jobs did they have
farmers (rural areas) skilled workers , masons, tailors, seam stresses (cities)
why were some native born americans opposed to immagration
fearful that immagrants will take all the jobs
how did religions contribute to problems between americans and immagrants
religious tention because immagrants are catholic and americans are protestants
what is the name of americans who oppose immagration
nativists
what is the name of the political party they form
know nothings
what are their three main goals
- make it difficult fr immagrants to become citizens
- keep immagrants out of public office
- keep catholics out of public office
how did the industrial revolution help the development of cities
led to the creation of many large factories and cooperations
how did the transportation revolution help the development of cities
allowed more americans to get to the cities
what new socioeconomic group develops
the middle class
what jobs do the middle class have
manufactuars, merchants, crafts people
how are they different from the other two classes
not as wealthy byt not as poor
wht were some of the problems with living in the cities
few public services, water was dirty, garbage wasn’t collected, no police, constant fires
how much did these cities grow between 1820-1850
they doubled
where were most cities in America located
in the north
where did the industrial revolution start originally
britian
what 2 factors made the revolution possible
- better control of desiese=larger workforce and child mortality went down
- adbancements in agriculture made food-products less labor-intensive= less need for farmers
what is the ajor invention that started therevolution? who invented it?
steam engine- james watt
Richard arkwrights invention
water powered spinning frame
herny cort’s invention
inporved steal making process
john steaton’s invention
concreate
William Murdoch’s invention
gas lighting
john fowler’s invention
steam plough
what is the major invention that started the industrial revolution in America, who invented it
cotton gin- eli whitney
what does this invention do
separate cotton seeds from fibers
what affect does it have on america
widespread growth of cotton farming from NC-LA
-production doubles
how does the farm change during this time period
family farm-commercial farm
massproduction
what product is found in Georgia and south Carolina?
rice
what product is found LA
sugar
product in new England
fruit and veggies, pultry and dairy
product in middle states
wheat
product in most states
pork and beef
what becomes the major industry in america
manufacturing
what happens to skilled craftsmen
they become obsolete
how do interchangeable parts affect production
leads to mass production and being able to fix things quicler
the industrial revolution causes what other revolution in america
transportation
why was this ervolution nessesary
to promote interstate commerce
how does the steam engine impact this revolution
leads to the introduction of the steam boat/ locomotive
what is meant by “industrial revolution”
a shift from goods made by hand to factory and mass production
why was America slow to embrace the factory system
- scarce labor
- little capital
- superiority of british factories
who is considered to be the “father of the American factory system”
Samuel slater
where did Samuel slater build his mill? what did it produce?
Pawtucket, RI, cotten
who made the American mills superior to the british
francis c lowell
what invention helped francis Lowell make Americas mills superior to the british ones
the power loom
who were the factory girls
young girls about our age who worked in factories and their wages went to the college funds of ther brothers
how many hours per week did they work
6 days a week for 13 hours a day
why were they so closely surpervised outside of the factory
they needed to be pretected
by 1850 what percentage of woman were working outside the home
10%
what concept were the woman trying to get away from
cult of domesticity
why did the averge size of a family decline at this time
woman are working more and not getting married as young
what are the wage slaves
- no freedom
- working in bad conditions
what are the conditions in the factories
lack of heat, breathing same air, long hours, low wages
what role did children have in the factories
small fingers- use tools
which party tended to support workers rights
democratic party
what were some rights worker sought
10h/day, higher wages, better conditions
how did the commonwealth vs. hunt decision help workers
legalized unions
