Unit Test #2- Chain of Infection Flashcards
Infection Characteristic- Active
infectious agent reproducing in body
Infection Characteristic- Dormant
pathogen present but hiding in cells, inactive causing no symptoms
Infection Characteristic- symptomatic
causing symptoms
Infection Characteristic- asymptomatic
not causing outwards symptoms
Infection Characteristic- Communicable
can easily spread
Infection Characteristic- non-communicable
cannot be spread from person to person
Infection Characteristic- Local
occurs in one body part/tissue/region
Infection Characteristic- systemic
involves the whole body and the affected person would have generalized signs and symptoms of infection
Susceptible Hosts
-Elderly
-very young
-pregnant
-immunocompromised
-chronically ill/ unvaccinated/ malnourished
modes of transmission
-direct contact
-indirect contact
-airborne
-droplet
-vector borne
what is vector borne
transmitted by animal
ex: lyme disease
what is droplet transmission
exposure requires liquid/mucous droplets –> sneezing
ex: common cold
what is airborne transmission
exposure by sharing air
ex: covid
what is indirect transmission
exposure with contaminated surface
ex: athletes foot
what is direct contact transmission
exposure between hosts
ex: HIV
infection
1 person
outbreak
local region
epidemic
regional
pandemic
global
what is a contact precaution sign
ex; skin/wound infections –> antibiotic resistant
Gown, gloves, wash hands
what is a airborne precaution sign
-door remain shut
-room kept under -ve pressure to slow air movement
ex: tuberculosis
mask, door, wash hands
What is enhanced droplet/contact precaution sign
-patient in priv room, used for diseases that can spread through coughs or sneezes
ex: whooping cough
what an antiseptic
-can be applied to skin
-remove or prevent slow growth of organisms
ex: soap
what’s disinfectant
-strong chemicals used on surfaces
-kill microorganisms immediately
ex: bleach
what’s sterilization
-high heat, radiation, or strong chemicals
-kills all microorganisms
order for donning PPE
-gown
-mask
-goggles
-gloves
order for removing PPE
-gloves
-gowns
-hand hygiene
-googles
-masks
-hand hygiene
what’s the chain of infection
-pathogen
-reservoir
-portal of exit
-mode of transmission
-portal of entry
-susceptible hosts
4 types of microorganisms
-bacteria
-virus
-protozoa
-fungi
what are microorganisms in our body called
normal flora
-reside in skin, nails, eyes
what are the two cycles of a virus
lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle
what is the lytic cycle
-active and symptomatic
ex: influenza
what is the lysogenic
-asymptomatic , hiding in cell DNA
-Host cell doesn’t die
ex: HIV
how do vaccines work
-weak or inactive form of germ introduced develops antibodies that remember the germs when the germ trys to reinvade the body
what’s the reservoir
where the pathogen lives
ex: standinv water
whats the portal of exit
escape route
ex: sneezing or coughinv
whats the mode of transmission
the way the pathogen is transmitted
portal of entry
how the pathogen gets in, entry point of new host
what’s a susceptible host
person at risk of infection
whats a germ
a microbe capable of causing disease
