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Honors Government > Unit Test 1: Introduction To Government > Flashcards

Unit Test 1: Introduction To Government Flashcards

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0
Q

Definition of nation?

A

Cultural concept for a group of people bound together by a strong sense of shared values and cultures.

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1
Q

Definition of state?

A

Body of people living in a defined territory

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2
Q

Definition of Sovereignty?

A

Supreme and absolute power within a territory

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3
Q

Definition of public policy?

A

Laws/Public Policies are governments response to public issues

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4
Q

Definition of authoritarian[political system]?

A

Those who are I’m power hold total authority over citizens

No one to answer to for their actions/decisions

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5
Q

Definition of democratic[political system]?

A

Political power is held by the people

Power of government and people are both limited

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6
Q

Definition of unitary[form of govt]?

A

Majority of the power is held by central govt.

Local govt. Is week

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7
Q

Definition of confederate[form of govt]?

A

Sovereign states combine for a specific purpose
Majority of power is held by the local govt.
Central govt. Is weak

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8
Q

Definition of federal[form of govt]?

A

Power is shared between central and local govt.

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9
Q

Definition of democracy?

A

Supreme and political power rests with people.

People hold sovereign power and govt. Is conducted only by & with consent of people

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10
Q

Definition of dictatorship?

A

Gains power through force
Has total power & authority
People have no say

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11
Q

Definition of totalitarian?

A

Dictator that has nearly total control & influence over citizens lives
Ruler maintains control through terror

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12
Q

Definition of scarcity?

A

Limited amount of resource

Unlimited amounts of wants and needs

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13
Q

Definition of Free- Enterprise System?

A

Open freedom of business

5 characteristics.

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14
Q

Definition of capitalism?

A

Economic system where individuals & businesses own factors of production & they make most of the economic decisions

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15
Q

Definition of communism?

A

Economic and political system where govt. Owns all factors of production & make all economic decisions

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16
Q

Definition of opportunity cost?

A

Cost of giving up 1 choice in order to select another

Think cause and effect

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17
Q

What is government?

A

Institution in which public policies (laws) are made and enforced

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18
Q

Examples of public policies?

A

Education, healthcare, transportation are examples

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19
Q

4 criteria for a state?

A

Sovereignty
Government
Territory
Population

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20
Q

Difference between a state and nation?

A

Nation- people are bound together by values and culture

State- people together in a specific territory not bound together by beliefs or cultures

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21
Q

4 purposes/functions of government?

A

E- economic decisions
S- social order
P- public services
N- national security

22
Q

Examples of governments 4 purposes?

A

E- government spending
S- courts
P- education
N- military

23
Q

2 political systems?

A

Authoritarian

Democracy

24
Q

What’s a parliamentary democracy?

A

Parliament selects a minister
Can be removed through vote
Unlimited # of terms

25
Q

Definition of Presidential democracy?

A

People choose a president
President can be removed through vote
Limited # of terms

26
Q

Which applies to the U.S.A.?
Presidential democracy
Or
Parliamentary democracy

A

Presidential democracy

27
Q

What are the 3 forms of government?

A

Federal- power is shared
Unitary- central govt. holds power
Confederate- local govt. holds power

28
Q 
Which applies to the U.S.A?
Federal
Confederate
Or 
Unitary
A

Federal

29
Q

What are the 6 types of government?

A 
Monarchy- hereditary (2 types)
Anarchy- lack of govt. 
Dictatorship- power through force 
Democracy- power to people (2types)
Oligarchy- power to a group or elite; 
                 Self appointed group
Totalitarian- has total power over lives; 
                    power through fear
30
Q

2 types of monarchies?

A

Absolute- unlimited power
Constitutional- monarch=head of state
Legislature makes the public policies

31
Q

2 types of democracies?

A

Representative- legislature represents citizens & are elected by the people
Direct- people make more decision in govt. by voting on issues individually

32
Q

What type of government does U.S.A. have?

A

Representative democracy

33
Q

5 characteristics of Free-Enterprise System?

A
  1. Private property- citizens own and sell land as they wish
  2. Economic decisions- citizens choose how to spend their money and who to work for & businesses decide what to sell & for how much
  3. Economic participation- free market- buyers & sellers buy & sell as wished
  4. Competition- supply & demand; competition is driven by profit
  5. Individual choices- citizens improve standard of living by making money & good choices
34
Q

Definition of supply?

A

of goods/services

35
Q

Definition of demand?

A

Buyers desires

Ability to purchase goods/services

36
Q

What is price determined by?

A

Supply & demand

37
Q

5 roles of govt. in our economy?

A 
P- provide goods/services:
Roads, aid during disasters
E- enforce competition:
Don't allow monopolies 
R- redistribute income:
Financial assistance 
(Medicare, welfare, social security)
P- protect consumer:
Protect from false advertising/ 
Harmful products 
S- stabilize economy:
Prevent economic depression &
Unemployment
38
Q

Definition of trade-off?

A

2nd choice

Choice you have up to fulfill other choice

39
Q

Definition of a want?

A

Way of expressing a need

40
Q

Definition of need?

A

Basic requirement for living

41
Q

5 basic requirements for living?

A 
Air 
Food
Water
Shelter
Clothing
42
Q

Definition of economics?

A

How society satisfies peoples wants and needs with careful use of scares resources

43
Q

When does scarcity happen?

A

When we have unlimited wants and needs and a limited amount if resources to satisfy them

44
Q

What are the 4 factors of production?

A 
C- capital:
Machines, money, investments
E- entrepreneurs:
Business owners
L- land:
Such as farmland, forests, caves, etc.
L- labor:
Workers, your parents, you, me, etc.
45
Q

4 economic systems?

A

Traditional
Mixed
Command
Market

46
Q

What’s a traditional economy?

A

Economic activity is done out of tradition or custom
Ex.
Farming, native Americans

47
Q

What is mixed economy?

A

Traits from 2 or more of the different types of economies mashed into 1
Private ownership consumers, producers, and govt. Work together to decide needs and wants
Ex.
Democracy (like U.S.A.)

48
Q

Definition of command economy?

A

Govt. Controls, divides, and makes decisions about resources
Ex.
Communism (like china or Cuba)

49
Q

Definition of market economy?

A

Supply, demand, and prices help people make decisions and divide resources
Ex.
Democracy (like Japan or Germany)

50
Q

What are the 3 choices consumers, workers, and entrepreneurs have in capitalism?

A

What to make, buy, or sell
Where they work
Make investments

51
Q

What does free-enterprise lead to?

A

Invention and innovation and scientific and technological decisions

52
Q

What does competition help do?

A

Keep prices low and quality high

53
Q

What’s a monopoly?

A

When 1 business has exclusive control of a market or service and can manipulate prices
They destroy competition

Honors Government (2 decks)

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