Unit Test 1 Flashcards
Define -
Anatomy
Physiology
Homeostasis
Anatomy- The study of the structure of organisms and their parts
Physiology- The study of bodily part function
Homeostasis- A condition of which a living organism maintains a stable and constant internal environment
Digestion
breaks down food in the body to release nutrients absorbs nutrients and excretes solid waste products
(Stomach, large intestine, small intestine, pancreas, gallbladder, esophagus)
Reproduction
secrete sex hormones produces and transport sex cells allows for the development of offspring in females
(ovaries, testes, uterus, fallopian tubes, prostate)
Circulatory
Transports blood and other bodily fluids throughout the body to each cell
(heart, coronary, blood, arteries, veins, capillaries)
Endocrine
regulates body activities by the release of hormones maintains balance of metabolical functions and maintains homeostasis
(pituitary, ovaries, thyroid, hypothalamus, testes)
Immune
serves as the body‘s defense system offers protection and resistance to disease removes damaged or abnormal cells
(lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, tonsils, lymph vessels)
Integumentary
protects underlying structures against invasion by harmful microorganisms excretes waste and regulate body temperature
(dermis, epidermis, hair, skin, nails)
Lymphatic
serves as a part of the body‘s defense system removes fluids through tissue spaces surrounding cells to the blood moves fat related nutrients from the digestive track to where they can be reabsorbed into the general circulation
(lymph nodes, lymph, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils)
Muscular
produces movement and generates heat for the body
(cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, adductor muscles, deltoid, bicep)
Nervous
generates transmits and recognizes nerve impulses maintains homeostasis
(brain, spinal cord, neurons, eyes, nose, ears) 
Respiratory
responsible for gas exchange CO2&O2
(lungs, diaphragm, trachea, nasal cavity, larynx) 
Skeletal
provides framework for support and protects as well as formed blood cells and acts as a mineral reservoir and provides levers for muscles (joints, bones, ligaments, cartilage, connective tissue)
Urinary
filters waste products from the blood and excretes them
Kidneys, urethra, bladder, ureters, adrenal gland
Chemical
Collection of atoms and elements
lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid
organelle
Collection of chemicals that preform a specific function
ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus
Cellular
Collection of organelles that preform a specific function
(neurons, erythrocytes, osteocytes, nephrons, hepatocytes) 
tissue
Collection of cells that come together to perform a specific function
(epithelial, Nervous, connective, muscular, skeletal)
Organs
Collection of tissues that come together to perform a specific function
(heart, Lungs, brain, stomach, intestines) 
Systems
A collection of organs that come together to perform a specific function
(circulatory, skeletal, urinary, digestive, nervous, endocrine)
organism
A collection of systems that come together to create an organism
(unicellular,  multicellular, Protista, human, bacteria) 
Lateral
Toward the side and away from the mid sagittal plane
medial
Toward the mid sagittal plane and away from the side of the body
anterior
Toward the front of the body
posterior
toward the back of the body
 superior
Toward the top of the body
inferior
toward the bottom of the body
dorsal
Along the vertebral surface of the body or the back side of the body
ventral
Along or toward the belly surface of the body
Proximal
toward the trunk position of a limb
distal
away from the trunk or point of attachment relating to limb
visceral
Toward the internal organ or away from the outer wall
parietal
Toward the wall or away from internal organs and structures
deep
Away from the surface toward the inside of a part
superficial
Toward the surface and away from the inside of the body
Medullary
Refers to the inner region
Cortical
refers to an outer region
responsiveness
ability to sense monitor and respond to changes externally and internally in environments
conductivity
Capacity of living cells to transmit a wave of electrical disturbance from one point to another
respiration
Exchanges of respiratory gases between an organism and it’s in
digestion
Process by which complex food products are broken down into simpler substances that can be absorbed and used in bodily he
absorption
Movement of molecules such as respiratory gases or digestive nutrients through membrane into bodily fluids for transportation to cells
 secretion
production or release of important substances like digestive juices hormones for diverse body functions
Excretion
Removal of waste products from the body
Circulation
Movement a body fluids containing many substances from one area of the body to another in a continuous circle route through hollow vessels
Reproduction
formation of new individual offspring
 Midsagittal
Exact midline of the body cutting into equal and symmetrical right and left halves
sagittal
plain running from front to back and top to bottom dividing the body into right and left sides
Coronal
Playing running from side to side and top to bottom dividing the body into anterior and posterior positions
Transverse
Clean divides the body into upper and lower parts
Dorsal cavities
Cranial cavity and spinal cavity hold the brain and the spinal cord
Ventral cavities
holds the thoracic cavity the plural cavity the mediastinum and the diaphragm holding the heart trachea esophagus thymus blood vessels
abdominal pelvic cavity
liver gallbladder stomach pancreas intestines spleen kidneys and ureters
pelvic cavity
Uterus fallopian tube’s reproductive organs
Positive feedback loop
amplifying change instead of returning it to normal
negative feedback loop
Reaction that causes a decrease returning disturbance to normal
