Unit review Flashcards
What are the 3 clusters of personality disorders?
Cluster A - Odd and Eccentric
Cluster B - Dramatic, Erratic and Emotional
Cluster C - Anxious and Fearful
What are the features of Paranoid personality disorder?
- They are constantly expecting to be harmed by others
- Unwilling to confide or trust others
- Finds threats in innocent remarks
- Suspects partner of infidelity
What are the features of Schizoid personality disorder?
- Prefers to be alone
- Doesn’t desire close relationships
- No interest in either praise or criticism
What are the features of Schizotypal personality disorder?
- Evidence they are experiencing ideas of reference
- Expresses odd beliefs and thinking in their speech and appearance
- Paranoid ideation
- Social anxiety and lack of friends
What are the features of Antisocial personality disorder?
- Person is at least 18 years old
- Disregard for the law
- Is reckless, aggressive, deceitful and impulsive and does not show remorse
- Unable to keep employment or study
What are the features of Borderline personality disorder?
- Terrified of abandonment and actively attempts to avoid it
- Experiences intense and unstable moods
- Forms intense and unstable relationships
- Experiences disturbances of identity
- Impulsive self-destructive behaviours
- Recurrent suidicual behaviours
- Chronic feelings of emptiness and transient paranoia
What are the features of Histrionic personality disorder?
- Craves to be the centre of attention
- Displays inappropriately sexually behaviour
- Lacks depth, uses speech to impress others
- Prone to exaggeration and being dramatic
- Exaggerates the degree of intimacy that they share with others
- Easily led by others
What are the features of Narcissistic personality disorder?
- Brims with self-importance and grandiosity
- Preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, genius or beauty
- Believe they are special and have a sense of entitlement
- Are arrogant and need to be admired
- Lack empathy and exploit others for their own benefit
What are the features of Avoidant personality disorder?
- Fears disapproval, rejection and ridicule and avoids situations where that may occur
- Avoids intimate relationships due to same reasons
- Preoccupied with the fear of shame, rejection and ridicule
- Constantly feels inferior and reluctant to take risks
What are the features of Dependant personality disorder?
- Unable to make decisions without advice, reassurance or direction
- Difficulty expressing approval
- Experiences discomfort when alone and fears isolation
- Lacks confidence and goes to great lengths to obtain support from others
- Urgent need to establish a new relationship when one ends
What are the features of Obsessive-complusive personality disorder?
- Prefers work rather than a social life
- Hoards possessions
- Preoccupied with details, rules, schedules and organisation
What are antipsychotic medications used for?
- Main treatment for schizophrenia
* Assist brain to restore chemical balance by blocking dopamine receptors
What is the difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics?
Typical - treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Atypical - treat both positive and negative symptoms with less side effects
What are the features of antidepressants?
- Used to treat depression
- Block neurotransmitter reuptake
- Inhibit neaurotransmitter breakdown
- Stimulate release of neurotranmitters
- Increases levels of serotonin
- Effects is within 2 to 3 weeks
What are the key features of the mental health act?
• Ensure proper protection of the patient as well as the public
- Ensure that a person suffering from a mental illness receives the best care and treatment with least restriction of their freedom, rights and dignity
- Minimise adverse effects of mental illness on family life
What is the mental health acts definition of a mental illness?
According the Mental Health Act (1996) a person has mental illness if she/he is suffering from a disturbance of thought, mood, volition, perception, orientation or memory that impairs judgement or behaviour to some extent.
List each mental health act legal form and what they represent
Form 1- Referral by MP or AMHP for examination by psychiatrist within 24 hrs
Form 2- Detention of voluntary patient at risk by SMHP in the absence of doctor for 6 hours
Form 3 - Transport Order
Form 4 - Detention for further assessment for 48 hrs
Form 5 - Order for receival into authorised hospital for further assessment for 72 hrs
Form 6 - Involuntary patient order. Patient is detained for 28 days
Form 7 - Transfer between authorised hospitals
Form 8 - No longer involuntary patient
Form 9 - Continuation of involuntary order for up 6 months
Form 10 - Community Treatment Order (CTO)
Form 11 – Revocation of a CTO
Form 12 - Extending or varying a CTO
Form 13 - Breach of CTO
Form 14 - Order to attend treatment
What is the biomedical theory?
• Asserts that normal behaviour is a consequence of equilibrium within the body and that abnormal behaviour results from pathological bodily or brain function
What is the psychoanalytical theory?
• Developmental factors and family relationships determine human behaviour and mental illness is a consequence of fixation at a particular developmental stage or a conflict that has not been resolved.
What is the behaviour theory?
• Emphasises the importance of the environment in shaping behaviour. Focuses more on the human behaviour than on the mind
What is the cognitive theory?
• Suggests people actively interpret their environment and cognitively construct their world. How one thinks about a situation will influence how they act in that situation
What is the interpersonal relationship theory?
• Focuses on the nurse-client relationship and identify the different roles nurses take on when working with clients
What is dissociative amnesia?
Is where a person is experiencing memory loss, but they also realise they are experiencing memory loss. It could last a few days or even years
What is localised amnesia?
Where a person will have no memory of a traumatic event, but will be able to recall details in a few days
What is selective amnesia?
What a person will have patchy or incomplete memories of a traumatic event
What is generalised amnesia?
What a person will have no memory of their entire life
What is systematised amnesia?
Where a person will have very specific amnesia. Eg, they may not remember one relative in particular
What is dissociative fugue?
Where a person suddenly cannot remember who they are or anything about their life
What is dissociative identity disorder?
Also know as multiple personality disorder, where a person has 2 different personalities living inside them.
Explain the aetiological factors of substance abuse
Absorption: getting the drug to the bloodstream
Distribution: transporting the drug via bloodstream across the membrane to the site of action
Metabolism: making the drug less fat-soluble and more water soluble
Excretion: eliminating the drug from the body
What are the sign and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
Shakes within the first 24 hours
Hypertension, restlessness, sweating, diarrhoea, headache, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite and anxiety.
Also sometimes seizures
What is depression?
Is a common mental disorder characterised by sadness, loss of interest, feelings of guilt or low self worth, disturbed sleep and appetite.
What is mania?
Is a mental illness marked by periods of great excitement, euphoria, delusions and over activity
What are the signs and symptoms of depression?
Persistently being sad or anxious. Decreased energy, fatigue, weight or appetite.
Difficulty concentrating, making decisions and loss in interests and hobbies.
What are the signs and symptoms of mania?
Inflated self esteem or grandiosity. A decreased need of sleep, more talkative, racing ideas or thoughts.
