Unit One vocab

Question 1

cultural assimilation

Answer 1

process that occurs when a minority group, living as part of a dominant group within a culture, loses the cultural characteristics that made it different

Question 2

cultural blindness

Answer 2

the process of ignoring differences in people and proceeding as through the differences do not exist.

Question 3

cultural competence

Answer 3

to be respectful and responsive to the health beliefs and practices - and cultural and linguistic needs - of diverse population groups.

Question 4

cultural diversity

Answer 4

diverse groups in society with varying racial classifications and national origins, religious affiliations, languages, physical size, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, socioeconomic status, occupational status and geographic location.

Question 5

culture

Answer 5

sum total of human behavior or social characteristics particular to a specific group and passed from generation to generation or from one to another within the group.

Question 6

cultural imposition

Answer 6

tendency of some to impose their beliefs, practices, and values on another culture because they believe that their ideas are superior to those of another person or group.

Question 7

cultural conflict

Answer 7

situation that occurs when people become aware of cultural differences, feel threatened, and respond by ridiculing the belief and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure about their own values,

Question 8

culture shock

Answer 8

those feelings, usually negative, a person experiences when placed in a different culture.

Question 9

ehtnicity

Answer 9

sense of identification that a cultural group collectively has; the sharing of common and unique cultural and social beliefs and behavior patterns, including language and dialect, religious practices, literature, folklore, music, political interests, food preferences and employment patterns.

Question 10

ethnocentrism

Answer 10

belief that one’s own ideas, beliefs, and practices are best, superior, or most preferred to those of others; using one’s cultural norms as the standard to evaluate other’s beliefs.

Question 11

linguistic competence

Answer 11

refers to the ability of caregivers and organizations to understand and effectively respond to the linguistic needs of patients and their families in a health care encounter.

Question 12

personal space

Answer 12

external environment surrounding a person that is regarded as being part of that person.

Question 13

race

Answer 13

division of human beings based on distinct physical characteristics.

Question 14

stereotyping

Answer 14

assigning characteristics to a group of people without considering specific individuality.

Question 15

subculture

Answer 15

group of people with different interests or goals than the primary culture.

Question 16

transcultural nursing

Answer 16

providing nursing care that is planned and implemented in a way that is sensitive to the needs of individuals, families, and groups representing the diverse cultural populations within our society.

Question 17

health

Answer 17

state of optimal functioning or well-being

Question 18

licensure

Answer 18

to be given a license to practice nursing in a state or providence after successfully meeting requirements

Question 19

nurse practice act

Answer 19

law established to to regulate nursing practice

Question 20

nursing

Answer 20

profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health.

Question 21

nursing process

Answer 21

five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluation.

Question 22

profession

Answer 22

an occupation that meets specific criteria including a well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, a code of ethics and standards, ongoing research, and autonomy.

Question 23

reciprocity

Answer 23

process allowing a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse in another state.

Question 24

standards

Answer 24

rules or guidelines that allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given.

Question 25

applied research (practical research)

Answer 25

research designed to directly influence or improve the clinical practice.

Question 26

basic research (pure research)

Answer 26

research designed to generate and refine theory, the findings are often not directly useful in practice.

Question 27

concept

Answer 27

abstract images (ideas) that are formed as impressions from the environment and organized into symbols of reality.

Question 28

conceptual framework or model

Answer 28

set of concepts, along with the statements that arrange the concepts into an understandable pattern.

Question 29

data

Answer 29

information

Question 30

deductive reasoning

Answer 30

cognitive process in which one examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas.

Question 31

evidence-based practice (EBP)

Answer 31

nursing care provided that is supported by sound scientific rationale.

Question 32

evidence-based practice guideline

Answer 32

guidelines written by a panel of experts that synthesize information from multiple studies and recommend best practices to treat patients with a disease, a symptom, or a disability.

Question 33

inductive reasoning

Answer 33

cognitive process in which one identifies a specific idea or action and then makes conclusions about general ideas.

Question 34

informed consent

Answer 34

knowledgeable, voluntary permission obtained from a patient to perform a specific test or procedure.

Question 35

nursing research

Answer 35

encompasses both research to improve the care of people in the clinical setting and to study people and the nursing profession, including education, policy development, ethics and nursing history

Question 36

nursing theory

Answer 36

differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices.

Question 37

philosophy

Answer 37

study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge and the processes we use to develop and construct our perceptions of life.

Question 38

process

Answer 38

series of actions, changes, or functions to bring about a result.

Question 39

qualitative research

Answer 39

method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings.

Question 40

quantitative research

Answer 40

research involving the concepts of basic and applied research.

Question 41

research

Answer 41

process that uses observable and verifiable information (data) collected in a systematic manner, to describe, explain or predict events.

Question 42

science

Answer 42

a body of knowledge gained by observing, identifying, describing, investigating and explaining events and occurrences that are perceived in the world.

Question 43

systematic review

Answer 43

summarized findings from multiple studies of a specific clinical practice question or topic that recommend practice changes and future directions for research; one of the strongest sources of evidence for evidence-based practice.

Question 44

theory

Answer 44

statement based on observed facts that explain or characterizes a process, an occurrence, or an event, bu can not be proved directly or absolutely as a fact.

Question 45

aerobic

Answer 45

bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow

Question 46

anaerobic

Answer 46

bacteria that can live without oxygen.

Question 47

antibody

Answer 47

immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

Question 48

antimicrobial

Answer 48

antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

Question 49

asepsis

Answer 49

absence of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection

Question 50

bacteria

Answer 50

the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents.

Question 51

bundles

Answer 51

evidence-based practices that have proven positive outcomes when implemented together.

Question 52

colonization

Answer 52

presence of an organism residing in an individual's body but with no clinical signs of infection.

Question 53

disinfection

Answer 53

process used to destroy microorganisms, destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores.

Question 54

endemic

Answer 54

something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location.

Question 55

endogenous

Answer 55

infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored within the person.

Question 56

exogenous

Answer 56

infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host

Question 57

fungi

Answer 57

plant-like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause infection.

Question 58

healthcare-associated infection (HIA)

Answer 58

an infection that was not present on admission to a health care institution and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nasocomial)

Question 59

host

Answer 59

animal or person on or within which microorganisms live.

Question 60

iatrogentic

Answer 60

infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure.

Question 61

infection

Answer 61

disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body

Question 62

isolation

Answer 62

protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques.

Question 63

medical asepsis

Answer 63

practices designed to reduce the number and transfer f pathogen; synonym for clean technique

Question 64

nasocomial

Answer 64

something originating or taking place in the hospital.

Question 65

parasites

Answer 65

organisms that live on or in a host and relies on it for nourishment.

Question 66

pathogens

Answer 66

disease-producing microorganisms

Question 67

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Answer 67

gloves, gowns, masks and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the health care worker's exposure to infectious material.

Question 68

reservior

Answer 68

natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.

Question 69

standard precautions

Answer 69

CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection statues; this category combines universal and body substance precautions.

Question 70

sterilization

Answer 70

1- the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed; 2- surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile.

Question 71

surgical asepsis

Answer 71

practices that render and keep objects and area free from microorganisms.

Question 72

transmission-based precautions

Answer 72

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions.

Question 73

vector

Answer 73

nonhuman carriers - such as mosquitoes, ticks and lice - that transmit organisms from one host to another.

Question 74

virulence

Answer 74

ability to produce disease

Question 75

virus

Answer 75

smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by an electron microscope.

Question 76

affective learning

Answer 76

changes in attitudes, values and feelings.

Question 77

andragogy

Answer 77

the study of teaching adults

Question 78

cognitive learning

Answer 78

storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain

Question 79

contractual agreement

Answer 79

pact made between two persons or parties for the achievement of mutually set goals.

Question 80

counseling

Answer 80

giving guidance, assisting with problem solving

Question 81

developmental crisis

Answer 81

predictable patterns of behavior and change occuring throughout the lifespan

Question 82

formal teaching

Answer 82

planned teaching based on learner objectives

Question 83

health literacy

Answer 83

ability to read, understand, and act on health information.

Question 84

informal teaching

Answer 84

unplanned teaching sessions dealing with the patient's immediate learning needs and concerns.

Question 85

learning

Answer 85

increasing one's knowledge; having one's behavior changed in a measurable way as a result of an experience.

Question 86

learning readiness

Answer 86

patient's willingness to engage in the teaching-learning process (emotional readiness) and experiential readiness to begin the challenge of learning.

Question 87

literacy

Answer 87

ability to read and write

Question 88

negative reinforcement

Answer 88

an ineffective teaching strategy that uses criticism or punishment

Question 89

nurse coach

Answer 89

a registered nurse who integrates coaching competencies into any setting or specialty area of practice to facilitate a process of change or development that assists individuals or groups to realize their potential.

Question 90

patient education

Answer 90

process of influencing the patient's behavior to effect change in knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to maintain and improve health.

Question 91

pedagogy

Answer 91

science of teaching that generally refers to the teaching of children and adolescents.

Question 92

positive reinforcement

Answer 92

affirmation of the efforts of patients.

Question 93

psychomotor learning

Answer 93

acquisition of physical skills

Question 94

situational crisis

Answer 94

change that results when a person faces an event or situation that causes a disruption in one's life

Question 95

teaching-learning process

Answer 95

process of patient teaching that encompasses critical steps necessary to provide teaching and to measure learning, the teaching-learning process models the nursing process.