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Nursing 105 > Unit One vocab > Flashcards

Unit One vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

cultural assimilation

A

process that occurs when a minority group, living as part of a dominant group within a culture, loses the cultural characteristics that made it different

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2
Q

cultural blindness

A

the process of ignoring differences in people and proceeding as through the differences do not exist.

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3
Q

cultural competence

A

to be respectful and responsive to the health beliefs and practices - and cultural and linguistic needs - of diverse population groups.

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4
Q

cultural diversity

A

diverse groups in society with varying racial classifications and national origins, religious affiliations, languages, physical size, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, socioeconomic status, occupational status and geographic location.

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5
Q

culture

A

sum total of human behavior or social characteristics particular to a specific group and passed from generation to generation or from one to another within the group.

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6
Q

cultural imposition

A

tendency of some to impose their beliefs, practices, and values on another culture because they believe that their ideas are superior to those of another person or group.

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7
Q

cultural conflict

A

situation that occurs when people become aware of cultural differences, feel threatened, and respond by ridiculing the belief and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure about their own values,

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8
Q

culture shock

A

those feelings, usually negative, a person experiences when placed in a different culture.

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9
Q

ehtnicity

A

sense of identification that a cultural group collectively has; the sharing of common and unique cultural and social beliefs and behavior patterns, including language and dialect, religious practices, literature, folklore, music, political interests, food preferences and employment patterns.

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10
Q

ethnocentrism

A

belief that one’s own ideas, beliefs, and practices are best, superior, or most preferred to those of others; using one’s cultural norms as the standard to evaluate other’s beliefs.

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11
Q

linguistic competence

A

refers to the ability of caregivers and organizations to understand and effectively respond to the linguistic needs of patients and their families in a health care encounter.

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12
Q

personal space

A

external environment surrounding a person that is regarded as being part of that person.

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13
Q

race

A

division of human beings based on distinct physical characteristics.

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14
Q

stereotyping

A

assigning characteristics to a group of people without considering specific individuality.

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15
Q

subculture

A

group of people with different interests or goals than the primary culture.

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16
Q

transcultural nursing

A

providing nursing care that is planned and implemented in a way that is sensitive to the needs of individuals, families, and groups representing the diverse cultural populations within our society.

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17
Q

health

A

state of optimal functioning or well-being

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18
Q

licensure

A

to be given a license to practice nursing in a state or providence after successfully meeting requirements

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19
Q

nurse practice act

A

law established to to regulate nursing practice

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20
Q

nursing

A

profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health.

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21
Q

nursing process

A

five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluation.

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22
Q

profession

A

an occupation that meets specific criteria including a well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, a code of ethics and standards, ongoing research, and autonomy.

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23
Q

reciprocity

A

process allowing a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse in another state.

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24
Q

standards

A

rules or guidelines that allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given.

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25
Q

applied research (practical research)

A

research designed to directly influence or improve the clinical practice.

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26
Q

basic research (pure research)

A

research designed to generate and refine theory, the findings are often not directly useful in practice.

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27
Q

concept

A

abstract images (ideas) that are formed as impressions from the environment and organized into symbols of reality.

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28
Q

conceptual framework or model

A

set of concepts, along with the statements that arrange the concepts into an understandable pattern.

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29
Q

data

A

information

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30
Q

deductive reasoning

A

cognitive process in which one examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas.

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31
Q

evidence-based practice (EBP)

A

nursing care provided that is supported by sound scientific rationale.

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32
Q

evidence-based practice guideline

A

guidelines written by a panel of experts that synthesize information from multiple studies and recommend best practices to treat patients with a disease, a symptom, or a disability.

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33
Q

inductive reasoning

A

cognitive process in which one identifies a specific idea or action and then makes conclusions about general ideas.

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34
Q

informed consent

A

knowledgeable, voluntary permission obtained from a patient to perform a specific test or procedure.

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35
Q

nursing research

A

encompasses both research to improve the care of people in the clinical setting and to study people and the nursing profession, including education, policy development, ethics and nursing history

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36
Q

nursing theory

A

differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices.

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37
Q

philosophy

A

study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge and the processes we use to develop and construct our perceptions of life.

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38
Q

process

A

series of actions, changes, or functions to bring about a result.

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39
Q

qualitative research

A

method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings.

40
Q

quantitative research

A

research involving the concepts of basic and applied research.

41
Q

research

A

process that uses observable and verifiable information (data) collected in a systematic manner, to describe, explain or predict events.

42
Q

science

A

a body of knowledge gained by observing, identifying, describing, investigating and explaining events and occurrences that are perceived in the world.

43
Q

systematic review

A

summarized findings from multiple studies of a specific clinical practice question or topic that recommend practice changes and future directions for research; one of the strongest sources of evidence for evidence-based practice.

44
Q

theory

A

statement based on observed facts that explain or characterizes a process, an occurrence, or an event, bu can not be proved directly or absolutely as a fact.

45
Q

aerobic

A

bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow

46
Q

anaerobic

A

bacteria that can live without oxygen.

47
Q

antibody

A

immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

48
Q

antimicrobial

A

antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

49
Q

asepsis

A

absence of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection

50
Q

bacteria

A

the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents.

51
Q

bundles

A

evidence-based practices that have proven positive outcomes when implemented together.

52
Q

colonization

A

presence of an organism residing in an individual’s body but with no clinical signs of infection.

53
Q

disinfection

A

process used to destroy microorganisms, destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores.

54
Q

endemic

A

something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location.

55
Q

endogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored within the person.

56
Q

exogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host

57
Q

fungi

A

plant-like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause infection.

58
Q

healthcare-associated infection (HIA)

A

an infection that was not present on admission to a health care institution and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nasocomial)

59
Q

host

A

animal or person on or within which microorganisms live.

60
Q

iatrogentic

A

infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure.

61
Q

infection

A

disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body

62
Q

isolation

A

protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques.

63
Q

medical asepsis

A

practices designed to reduce the number and transfer f pathogen; synonym for clean technique

64
Q

nasocomial

A

something originating or taking place in the hospital.

65
Q

parasites

A

organisms that live on or in a host and relies on it for nourishment.

66
Q

pathogens

A

disease-producing microorganisms

67
Q

personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

gloves, gowns, masks and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the health care worker’s exposure to infectious material.

68
Q

reservior

A

natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms.

69
Q

standard precautions

A

CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection statues; this category combines universal and body substance precautions.

70
Q

sterilization

A

1- the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed; 2- surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile.

71
Q

surgical asepsis

A

practices that render and keep objects and area free from microorganisms.

72
Q

transmission-based precautions

A

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions.

73
Q

vector

A

nonhuman carriers - such as mosquitoes, ticks and lice - that transmit organisms from one host to another.

74
Q

virulence

A

ability to produce disease

75
Q

virus

A

smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by an electron microscope.

76
Q

affective learning

A

changes in attitudes, values and feelings.

77
Q

andragogy

A

the study of teaching adults

78
Q

cognitive learning

A

storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain

79
Q

contractual agreement

A

pact made between two persons or parties for the achievement of mutually set goals.

80
Q

counseling

A

giving guidance, assisting with problem solving

81
Q

developmental crisis

A

predictable patterns of behavior and change occuring throughout the lifespan

82
Q

formal teaching

A

planned teaching based on learner objectives

83
Q

health literacy

A

ability to read, understand, and act on health information.

84
Q

informal teaching

A

unplanned teaching sessions dealing with the patient’s immediate learning needs and concerns.

85
Q

learning

A

increasing one’s knowledge; having one’s behavior changed in a measurable way as a result of an experience.

86
Q

learning readiness

A

patient’s willingness to engage in the teaching-learning process (emotional readiness) and experiential readiness to begin the challenge of learning.

87
Q

literacy

A

ability to read and write

88
Q

negative reinforcement

A

an ineffective teaching strategy that uses criticism or punishment

89
Q

nurse coach

A

a registered nurse who integrates coaching competencies into any setting or specialty area of practice to facilitate a process of change or development that assists individuals or groups to realize their potential.

90
Q

patient education

A

process of influencing the patient’s behavior to effect change in knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to maintain and improve health.

91
Q

pedagogy

A

science of teaching that generally refers to the teaching of children and adolescents.

92
Q

positive reinforcement

A

affirmation of the efforts of patients.

93
Q

psychomotor learning

A

acquisition of physical skills

94
Q

situational crisis

A

change that results when a person faces an event or situation that causes a disruption in one’s life

95
Q

teaching-learning process

A

process of patient teaching that encompasses critical steps necessary to provide teaching and to measure learning, the teaching-learning process models the nursing process.

Nursing 105 (3 decks)

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