Unit One Vocab

Question 1

Antigen

Answer 1

A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism and elicits an immune response

Question 2

Concentration

Answer 2

The amount of a specific substance in a unit amount of another substance

Question 3

ELISA
(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay)

Answer 3

A quantitative in vitro test for an antibody or antigen in which the test material is absorbed on a surface and exposed either to a complex of an enzyme linked to an antibody specific for the antigen or an enzyme linked to an anti-immunoglobulin specific for the antibody followed by the enzyme with a substrate to yield a colored product corresponding to the concentration of the test material.

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

A protein serving as a catalyst; a chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The complement of an organism’s genes; an organism’s genetic material.

Question 6

Outbreak

Answer 6

A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease

Question 7

Pathogen

Answer 7

A specific causitive agent of disease

Question 8

Primer

Answer 8

A molecule (a short strand of RNA or DNA) whose presence is required for formation of another molecule ( a longer chain of DNA)

Question 9

Serial Dilution

Answer 9

A stepwise dilution of a substance in a solution

Question 10

Solute

Answer 10

A substance dissolved in another substance

Question 11

Solution

Answer 11

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or combination of these.

Question 12

Solvent

Answer 12

A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance.

Question 13

Substrate

Answer 13

The reactant on which an enzyme works

Question 14

Antibiotic

Answer 14

A substance produced by or derived from a microorganism and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganism

Question 15

Antibiotic Resistance

Answer 15

Resistance to one or more antibiotics, usually due to gentic information.

Question 16

Conjugation

Answer 16

The one-way transfer of DNA between bacteria in cellular contact

Question 17

Nucleoid

Answer 17

The DNA-containing area of a bacterial cell

Question 18

Plasmid

Answer 18

A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from these of the bacterial chromosome

Question 19

Transduction

Answer 19

The trandher of genetic material from one organism (such as a bacterium) to another by a genetic vector

Question 20

Transformation

Answer 20

The gentic modification of a bacterium by incorporation of free DNA from another ruptured bacteria cell

Question 21

Audiogram

Answer 21

A graphic representation of the relation of vibration frequency and the minimum sound intensity for hearing

Question 22

Cochlear Implant

Answer 22

An electrical prosthetic device that enables individuals with sensorineural hearing loss to recognize some sounds and that consists of an external microphone and speech processor that receive and convert sound waves into electrical signals which are transmitted to one or more electrodes implanted in the cochlea where they stimulate the auditory nerve

Question 23

Conductive Hearing Loss

Answer 23

Hearing loss or impairment resulting from interference with the transmission of sound waves to the cochlea

Question 24

Hearing Aid

Answer 24

An electronic device usually worn by a person for amplifying sound before it reaches the receptor organs

Question 25

Inner Ear

Answer 25

The essential part of the vertebrate organ of hearing and equilibrium that includes the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea

Question 26

Middle Ear

Answer 26

The intermediate portion of the ear containing a chain of three ossicles that extends from the tympanic membrane to the oval window and transmits vibrations to the inner ear

Question 27

Outer Ear

Answer 27

The outer visible portion of the ear that collects and directs sound waves toward the tympanic membrane by way of a canal which extends inward through the temporal bone

Question 28

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Answer 28

Hearing loss or impairment resulting from problems with the auditory nerves

Question 29

Sound

Answer 29

Mechanical energy that is transmitted by longitudinal pressure waves in a medium (such as water or air)

Question 30

Case-Control Study

Answer 30

A type of epidemiologic study where a group of individuals with the diseases, referred to as cases, are compared to individuals without the disease, referred to as controls

Question 31

Cohort Study

Answer 31

A type of epidemiologic study where a group of exposed individuals (individuals who have been exposed to the potential risk factor) and a group of non-exposed individuals are followed over time to determine the incidence of disease

Question 32

DNA Ligase

Answer 32

A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication and recombinant DNA techniques

Question 33

Epidemic

Answer 33

Affecting an atypically large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time

Question 34

Epidemiology

Answer 34

A branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population

Question 35

Herd Immunity

Answer 35

The resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to which a large proportion of the members of the group are immune

Question 36

Inoculation

Answer 36

The introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies

Question 37

Restriction Enzyme

Answer 37

A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA

Question 38

Vaccine

Answer 38

A harmless variant of a pathogen that stimulates a host’s immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen

Question 39

Vaccination

Answer 39

A procedure that presents the immune system with a harmless variant of a pathogen, thereby stimulating the immune system to mount a long-term defense against the pathogen