Unit One Terms Flashcards
allusion
a subtle reference to another work
audience
how the audience feels about the speaker/topic; pathos
cognate
a root from one language that assists in understanding a word from another language
concession
to give or allow a point from opposition in a debate
connotation
the emotional value of a word
denotation
dictionary definition; a word’s meaning
deductive
philosophical truths are proposed; hypotheses are refined; hypotheses are supported or refuted with; top down
diction
word choice
dialogue (plato)
a rhetorical device in ancient philosophy in which two (or more) characters “discuss” an idea or topic. one represents author or speaker, one represents audience
ethos
the character we choose to represent in a rhetorical situation
explicit
upfront and clearly stated; vulgar
exigency
the pressure or argument to immediately, “time is running out”
inductive
observations lead to patterns; patterns lead to generalizations; longer truths are found from smaller ones; bottom up
implicit
not clearly stated, requires reader to complete
logos
the use of reasoning and logic in rhetorical situations
mood
the emotional quality the audience is intended to feel
pathos
the appeal to emotion in the rhetorical situation
polemic
to over-exaggerate an argument, to claim an issue is of massive importance
propaganda
the manner or method in which rhetoric is delivered
refutation
to prove something false
rhetoric
the faculty of observing in any given case the means of persuasion
rhetorical triangle
speaker—>audience—>topic—>speaker
ethos—>pathos—>logos—>ethos
SOAPSTone
Speaker
Occasion - all of the other important contexts
Audience
Purpose - persuade, adopt an understanding, call to action
Subject
Tone
speaker
tone; how the speaker sees the topic and audience
spectrum
a ranking with gradient range
frozen-rules-formal-consultative/collaborative-casual-intimate
analogy
something that shows how two things are alike, but with the ultimate goal of making a point about this comparison
conclusion
the last part of something, it’s end or result
context
background information or circumstances you provide to inform why something is taking place
counterargument
an argument that goes against your thesis and that expresses the perspective of someone with an opposite point of view from your own
empathy
the understanding and sharing of the emotions and experiences of another person
hierarchy
a system of persons or things arranged in a graded order
irony
whenever someone says or does something that departs from what is expected of them to say or do
metaphor
a comparison between two things that are otherwise unrelated
morpheme
the smallest linguistic part of a word that can have a meaning. prefixes, roots, suffixes
occasion
the time and place of the piece; the context that prompted the writing. part of SOAPSTone
persona
the person who is understood to be speaking (or thinking or writing) a particular work
premise
the foundational idea that expresses the plot in simple terms
purpose
the reason or intent in writing
register
the level of formality in language that’s determined by the context in which it’s spoken or written
rhetorical appeals
the qualities of an argument that make it truly persuasive
subject
the person, place, thing, or idea the writing is about
syllogism
a deductive scheme of a formal argument consisting of a major and minor premise and a conclusion; a subtle, spacious, or crafty argument; deductive reasoning
sympathy
used when one person shares the feelings of another
syntax
the set of rules that determines the arrangement of words in a sentence
text
any object that can be “read”
validity
the principle that if all the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true
