unit one study guide

Question 1

uterus

Answer 1

organ in which the baby develops and is protected until birth

Question 2

germinal stage

Answer 2

conception marks the beginning of the first stage of prenatal development

Question 3

embryonic stage

Answer 3

the second stage of prenatal development

Question 4

embryo

Answer 4

what the baby is called during this stage

Question 5

umbilical chord

Answer 5

contains three blood vessels that connect the baby to the placenta

Question 6

placenta

Answer 6

an organ filled with blood vessels, develops against the wall of the uterus

Question 7

fetal stage

Answer 7

begins nine weeks after conception-lasts from nine weeks until birth

Question 8

fetus

Answer 8

what the baby is medically known as

Question 9

during what month are all organs present, although immature, in the fetus?

Answer 9

third month

Question 10

genetic factors are a person’s inherited traits passed on to him or her through the parents’ ____ at _____

Answer 10

genes
conception

Question 11

recessive trait/gene

Answer 11

not typically expressed in a person unless both genes for the trait are inherited (one from each parent)

Question 12

dominant trait/gene

Answer 12

always expressed in a person if only one gene of the pair is inherited for that trait

Question 13

list two environmental factors of prenatal development

Answer 13

parents ages
mother’s physical health

Question 14

obstetrician

Answer 14

specialize in pregnancy and birth

Question 15

ultrasound

Answer 15

a test in which sound waves bounce off the fetus to produce an image of the fetus inside the womb

Question 16

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 16

a procedure for finding abnormalities in the fetus

Question 17

amniocentesis

Answer 17

a prenatal test used to check for the presence of over 100 congenital conditions

Question 18

congenital condition

Answer 18

a physical or biochemical problem in a baby that is present at birth and may be caused by genetic or environmental factors

Question 19

experts suggest women who maintain a healthy weight goin approximately __ to ___ pounds during pregnancy

Answer 19

25
35

Question 20

multiple pregnancy

Answer 20

two or more babies develop in the same pregnancy

Question 21

fraternal twins

Answer 21

multiple babies develop from two or more ova. each ova is fertilized with a different sperm, each child has a different genetic makeup

Question 22

fraternal twins differ in ____ makeup

Answer 22

genetic

Question 23

identical twins

Answer 23

the babies develop from a single ovum fertilized by a single sperm

Question 24

identical twins have the ___ genetic makeup

Answer 24

same

Question 25

miscarriage

Answer 25

the expulsion of the baby from the mother’s body before week 20 of pregnancy

Question 26

stillbirth

Answer 26

the loss of the fetus after 20 weeks of pregnancy

Question 27

down syndrome

Answer 27

symptoms: distinct physical features are evident, slanting eyes; misshapen forehead; oversized tongue; single crease across palm of each hand; and varying degrees of intellectual disabilities are typical
causes: chromosome abnormality; more likely to occur when mother is over age 35
treatment: special educational needs; lifespan may be nearly normal

Question 28

diabetes

Answer 28

symptoms: metabolic disorders cause high blood sugar. the person feels thirsty, hungry, and weak-usually loses weight
causes: a number of factors working together
treatment: no cure; can be controlled by insulin injections, careful diet, and physical activity

Question 29

muscular dystrophy

Answer 29

symptoms: a group of disorders which damage muscles. they cause progressive weakness and finally death
causes: often sex-linked
treatment: no cure; therapy and braces offer some relief

Question 30

sickle cell anemia

Answer 30

symptoms: red blood cells are sickle shaped rather than round. they cannot carry oxygen efficiently throughout the entire body. people become pale, tired, and short of breath. they have occasional pains and low resistance to infection. their lifespan is often shorter than normal
causes: recessive gene often seen in people of African-American descent
treatment: no cure; various treatments relieve some symptoms; blood transfusions are needed occasionally

Question 31

abstinence

Answer 31

refusal to engage in sexual relationships

Question 32

list examples of consequences and health risks of teen pregnancy

Answer 32

-teens bodies are still growing
-many teen mothers never complete high school
-lack entry level skills for the job market-income is much lower
-teen parents who get married have high risk for divorce
-lack of support
-high risk for postpartum
-higher child mortality rate

Question 33

certified nurse-midwife

Answer 33

a nurse who has special training in delivering babies during low-risk pregnancies

Question 34

natural childbirth

Answer 34

drug free

Question 35

lightening

Answer 35

change in the baby’s position

Question 36

breech birth position

Answer 36

the baby’s feet, legs, or buttocks emerge first

Question 37

contraction

Answer 37

the tightening or shortening of the uterus muscle

Question 38

dilation

Answer 38

opening of the cervix

Question 39

cesarean section

Answer 39

the mother’s abdomen and uterus are surgically opened and the baby is removed

Question 40

forceps

Answer 40

a curved instrument that fits around the sides of a baby’s head

Question 41

episiotomy

Answer 41

an incision made to widen the birth canal and prevent tearing

Question 42

the placenta is also known as the

Answer 42

afterbirth

Question 43

pediatrician

Answer 43

a doctor who care for infants, children, and teens until adulthood

Question 44

what does the APGAR scale measure

Answer 44

the newborn’s chances of survival
A-appearance (skin color)
P-pulse (heart rate)
G-grimace (responsiveness)
A-activity (muscle tone)
R-respiration (breathing)

Question 45

postpartum care

Answer 45

the care the mother receives during the 6 to 8 weeks following the birth of her baby