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Civics > Unit One Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit One Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

what is government

A

institution through which a society makes and forms its policies

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2
Q

what is the purpose of government

A

to maintain order, provide essential services, protection from invasion

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3
Q

what are the four essential characteristics of the State

A

population, territory, soverignty, organized government

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4
Q

what is soverignty

A

absolute authority within a country’s own territory

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5
Q

what is the evolutionary theory

A

theory where governmetn evolved from one family

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6
Q

what is the force theory

A

one person or group used force to establish its authority to govern the people

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7
Q

what is the divine right theory

A

rulers were chosen by gods to govern

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8
Q

what is the social contract theory

A

people gave government its power to govern them in exchange the government had to resect their rights

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9
Q

who is Thomas Hobbs

A

Wrote leviathan, believed humans are not good and that we are brutes by nature, we need a ruler, we dont have right to overthrow bad government

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10
Q

who was John Locke

A

wrote two treatises on government, government derives power from the people, gov. must protect peoples rights , corrupt gov should be removed

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11
Q

what is autocracy

A

rule of one

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12
Q

what is oligarchy

A

rule of the few or committee

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13
Q

what is theocracy

A

ruler of a religious leader

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14
Q

what is democracy

A

rule of the people, government limited by people

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15
Q

what is direct democracy

A

people rule directly

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16
Q

what is an indirect democracy

A

people elect representatives to govern for them

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17
Q

what are characteristics of democray

A

gov. attempts to secure equal opportunities, based on majority rules, respect for minority rights, political parties choose candidates

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18
Q

what is a presidential system

A

seperate executive banch, execultive and leg. branch are seperate and coequal, powers are in constitution

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19
Q

what is a parliamentary system

A

exec and leg. branches are together, executive is chosen and controlled by leg. branch, removal by vote of no confidence,

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20
Q

what is a unitary system

A

only one level of government (national)

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21
Q

what is aconfederal system

A

loose association of free and independent states

22
Q

what is a federal system

A

power is shared among national and local

23
Q

what is a command economy

A

much of system is controlled by government or centralized power

24
Q

what is a market economy

A

opposite of command, no government intervention

25
Q

what is a mixed market economy

A

combo of different systems, usually mix of command and market, government is involved in business regulations

26
Q

what is the magna carta

A

rights to protection against false imprisonments, life liberty and property, and trial by jury listed

27
Q

what is the petition of rights

A

no taxation w/o representation, king cant declare martial law in times of peace, no imprisonment intent without due process, no quartering troops in private homes, singed by King Charles I in 1628

28
Q

what is the English bill of rights

A

signed by William III and Mary II of Orange in 1689, freedom to bear arms, speechm no taxation without representation

29
Q

who was Jean Jacques Rousseau

A

Humans good, society corrupt, people have the most say, preferred direct democracy over indirect

30
Q

who was Baron de MOntesquieu

A

Liked republic, believed in uphold of balance of power, checks and balances

31
Q

what are natural rights (Locke)

A

life, liberty, property

32
Q

what does unalienable mean

A

unable to be changed

33
Q

what is the rule of law

A

people must follow laws

34
Q

what is limited government

A

idea that government is not all powerful

35
Q

what is popular soverignty

A

idea that government only exists because of the will of the people

36
Q

what is federalism

A

idea that government powers are seperated between levels like state and national

37
Q

what are checks and balance

A

idea that each branch of government has some oversight over the others

38
Q

what are the seperation of powers

A

idea that government powers are divided among branches

39
Q

what is judicial review

A

system in class that ensures the gov. does not pass laws that violate spirit of constitution

40
Q

what were the reasons for declaring indepence

A

many believed the British wanted to get rid of american libery

41
Q

what is the sugar act

A

tax on sugar and molasses

42
Q

what is the stamp act

A

tax on magazines and newspapers , stamp placed on paper

43
Q

who were the sons of liberty

A

organization that actively protested stamp act

44
Q

what were the townshend acts

A

series of four acts passed by Britain

45
Q

what is the boston massacre

A

skirmish between british troops and protesters outside of a tax office

46
Q

what was the boston tea party

A

when sons of lberty dressed up as native americans and dumpet tea into the harbor

47
Q

what were the intolerable acts

A

four acts by parliament in retaliaion of Colonial defiance

48
Q

who was Thomas Jefferson

A

helped draft the declaration of independence

49
Q

what was the declaration of indepence

A

document sent to the King declaring indepence from from England

50
Q

what was the first and second continental congress

A

first reconsidered next steps after the tea part, second voted for seperation

Civics (12 decks)

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