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AP Psych Vocab > Unit One: Research Methods > Flashcards

Unit One: Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Empiricism

A
  • Knowledge originates in experience

- Science should rely on observation and experimentation

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

Uses introspection (self-reflective, looking inward) to explore the structural elements of the human mind

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive+flourish

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4
Q

Experimental Psychology

A

The study of behavior+thinking using the experimental method

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5
Q

Behaviorism

A

Psychology should ONLY study observable behavior

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6
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Emphasizes: -Growth potential of healthy peeps -Individual potential for personal growth

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7
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

The study of brain activity linked with thinking, memory, perception+langauge

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8
Q

Psychology

A

The study of behavior+mental processes

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9
Q

Nature-Nurture Issue

A

Controversy over general contributions genes+experiences make to the development of traits+behavior

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10
Q

Natural Selection

A

Organisms with the most desirable trait survive to reproduce

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11
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

DIffering complementary views

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12
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

Includes biological, social and cultural approach

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13
Q

Biological Psychology

A

Studies neurotransmitters, genes, and links b/t psychological and biological processes

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14
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using natural selection

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15
Q

Psychodynamic Psychology

A

Studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that info to treat psychological disorders

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16
Q

Behavioral Psychology

A

The study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning

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17
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

The study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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18
Q

Socio-Cultural Psychology

A

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

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19
Q

Psychometrics

A

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities attitudes and traits

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20
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

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21
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout a persons life span

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22
Q

Educational Pyschology

A

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

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23
Q

Personality Psychology

A

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting

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24
Q

Social Psychology

A

The study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another

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25
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

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26
Q

Industrial-organization Psychology

A

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in work places.

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27
Q

Human factors Psychology

A

The study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and env.

28
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being

29
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies assesses and treats people with psychological disorders

30
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical and psychological therapy

31
Q

Hindsight bias AKA the i knew it all along phenomenon

A

The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it

32
Q

Critical thinking

A

Thinking that does not blindly accepts arguments and conclusion assumption discerns hidden values evaluates evidence assesses conclusions

33
Q

Theory

A

An explanation using an integrated set of principles and explains observations and predicts behavior/events.

34
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable prediction often implied by a theory

35
Q

Operational Definition

A

A statement of the procedures/ operations used to define research variables

36
Q

Replication

A

Repeating

37
Q

Case study

A

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

38
Q

Survey

A

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes/behavior of a particular group.

39
Q

Population

A

All the cases in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn

40
Q

Random Sample

A

A sample that fairly represents a population b/c each number has an equal chance of inclusion

41
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

Observing behavior without human interaction

42
Q

Correlation

A

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together *predicts the other

43
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

A statistical index of the relationship b/w two things from -1 to 1

44
Q

Scatterplots

A

A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables

45
Q

Illusory Correlation

A

The perception of a relationship where none exists

46
Q

Overconfidence

A

We tend to think we know more than we actually do

47
Q

Experiment

A

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect some behavior/mental process

48
Q

Random Assignment

A

Assigning participants to experimental+control groups by chance, minimizing differences b/w those assigned to different groups

49
Q

Double-Blind Procedure

A

An experimental procedure in which both of the participants and scientists are blind about whether the participants have received the placebo or not

50
Q

Placebo Effect

A

Experimental results caused by expectations alone

51
Q

Experimental group

A

The group that is exposed to the treatment, to one version of the I.V.

52
Q

Control Group

A

The group that is not exposed to the treatment,

53
Q

Independent Variable

A

The experimental factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied

54
Q

Confunding Varibable

A

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiement

55
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The outcome that is measurable, the variable that may change in response to manipulation of the I.V.

56
Q

Mean

A

Average

57
Q

Median

A

The number in the middle

58
Q

Range

A

The biggest number minus the smallest number

59
Q

Standard Deviation

A

A measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

60
Q

Normal Curve`

A

A bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data *most scores fall near the mean

61
Q

Statistical Significance

A

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

62
Q

Mode

A

The # that occurs the most

63
Q

Culture

A

Behavior, ideas, attitudes, + traditions shared by a group of people + transmitted from one generation to the next

64
Q

Informed Consent

A

An ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to whether they wish to partcipate

65
Q

Debriefing

A

The post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose +any deceptions to its participants

AP Psych Vocab (1 decks)

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