Unit One: Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Organic Compounds

Answer 1

A molecular compound that is based on carbon; usually contains carbon-carbon and carbon- hydrogen bonds.

Question 2

Saturated

Answer 2

Containing only single bonds.

Question 3

Unsaturated

Answer 3

Having one or more double or triple bonds.

Question 4

Hydrocarbon

Answer 4

A molecular compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 5

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Answer 5

An organic compound that contains carbon atoms bonded in chains and/or non-aromatic rings; alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Question 6

Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Answer 6

A Hydrocarbon that contains one or more rings and has electrons shared in a particularly stable configuration; often drawn with alternating single and double bonds.

Question 7

Alkane

Answer 7

A Hydrocarbon that contains carbon-carbon single bonds.

Question 8

Cycloalkane

Answer 8

An alkane in the shape of a ring.

Question 9

Alkene

Answer 9

A Hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Question 10

Functional Group

Answer 10

A group of bonded atoms in an organic compound, which reacts in a characteristic way; If only one functional group is present, it determines the reactivity of the compound in which it occurs .

Question 11

Alkyne

Answer 11

A Hydrocarbon that has at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Question 12

-OH (Hydroxyl) Group

Answer 12

The functional group of the alcohol family of organic compounds; a non-basic -OH group.

Question 13

Aldehyde

Answer 13

An organic compound that has a double-bonded oxygen and a hydrogen atom bonded to the first carbon of a carbon chain.

Question 14

Carbonyl Group

Answer 14

The functional group of aldehydes and ketones, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

Question 15

Dispersion Forces

Answer 15

A weak intermolecular attractive force that is present between all molecules, due to temporary dipoles.

Question 16

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 16

The strong intermolecular attraction between molecules that contain a hydrogen atom bonded to an atom of a highly electronegative element, especially oxygen.

Question 17

The Main Type of Organic Reactions

Answer 17

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Question 18

Electronegativity

Answer 18

A relative measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond.

Question 19

Bond Dipole

Answer 19

A separation of negative and positive charge along the length of a bond.

Question 20

Hydrolysis Reaction

Answer 20

A reaction in which a molecule is split in two by the addition of a water molecule.

Question 21

Addition Reaction

Answer 21

An organic reaction in which atoms are added to a multiple carbon-carbon bond.

Question 22

Alkyl Halide (haloalkane)

Answer 22

An alkane in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced with halogen atoms.

Question 23

Alkyl Group

Answer 23

An alkane branch that is obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an alkane.

Question 24

Parent Alkane

Answer 24

An alkane that contains the same number of carbons and the same basic structure as a more complex organic compound; a concept used primarily for nomenclature.

Question 25

Alcohol

Answer 25

An organic compound that contains the -OH functional group.

Question 26

Markovnikov’s Rule

Answer 26

The rule stating that, in an addition reaction of two asymmetrical reactants, the halogen atom or -OH Group is usually added to the more substituted carbon atom (the carbon atom that is bonded to the largest number of other carbon atoms); the hydrogen atom is added to the carbon atom that is bonded to the largest number of hydrogen atoms.

Question 27

Molecular Polarity

Answer 27

The distribution of charge on a molecule; if a molecule is polar, it has some molecular polarity.

Question 28

Polar

Answer 28

Having an uneven distribution of charge.

Question 29

General Formula

Answer 29

A formula that represents a family of simple organic compounds; written as R+ Functional Group, where R represents an alkyl Group.

Question 30

Intermolecular Forces

Answer 30

Forces that act between molecules or ions to influence the physical properties of compounds.

Question 31

Substitution Reaction

Answer 31

A reaction in which a hydrogen atom or a functional group is replaced by a different functional group.

Question 32

Elimination Reaction

Answer 32

A reaction in which atoms are removed from a compound and a multiple bond is formed.

Question 33

Condensation Reaction

Answer 33

An organic reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, producing a small molecule (such as water) as a second product.

Question 34

Oxidation

Answer 34

Defined as the loss of electrons; inorganic chemistry, a reaction in which an organic compound is oxidized by forming more C-O bonds or fewer C-H bonds.

Question 35

Reduction

Answer 35

Defined as the gain of electrons; in organic chemistry, a reaction in which an organic compound is reduced by forming more C-H bonds or fewer C-O bonds.

Question 36

Amines

Answer 36

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Question 37

Ethers

Answer 37

An organic compound that has the general formula ROR; consists of two alkyl groups joined by an oxygen atom.