Unit One - Cell Biology

Question 1

Some microscopic living things consist of only one cell. What are these called ?

Answer 1

They are called unicellular or single celled

Question 2

What is the name for unicellular organisms that have the characteristics of animal cells

Answer 2

They are called protozoans

Question 3

A group of similar cells working together and carrying out a specific function are known as a _______?

Answer 3

Tissue

Question 4

A group of different tissues make up an ________?

Answer 4

Organ

Question 5

A group of related tissues and organs make up a ___________?

Answer 5

System e.g. Digestive system

Question 6

What function do the palisade mesophyll cells have ?

Answer 6

It is the primary region of light absorption and photosynthesis

Question 7

The shape of the spongy mesophyll cells aid their function, describe this shape and function.

Answer 7

Their round shape allows loose arrangement in contact with moist air spaces for absorption of CO2

Question 8

Xylem are described as ‘dead hollow tubes’ how does this allow them to carry out their job

Answer 8

This allows them to carry out their job because it allows water to flow freely

Question 9

Xylem vessels contain lignin, what is the function of lignin ?

Answer 9

Lignin strengthens the xylem vessels walls

Question 10

What is the function of the phloem ?

Answer 10

Transport of soluble carbohydrates

Question 11

Another cell is associated with the phloem cell, what is it and what does it do?

Answer 11

Another cell associated with the phloem cell is the companion cell and it controls the sieve tube

Question 12

What is the function of a Red Blood Cell ?

Answer 12

It uptakes and transports of oxygen to living cells

Question 13

How does the shape of the Red Blood Cell aid its function?

Answer 13

The shape allows it to have a large surface area

Question 14

Describe the structure of he ciliates epithelium tissue.

Answer 14

It sweeps dirty mucus up and away from the lungs

Question 15

What is diffusion

Answer 15

Diffusion is the movement of molecules or ions from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration of that molecule along a concentration gradient, until evenly spread.

Question 16

What is osmosis ?

Answer 16

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of High Water Concentration to a region of Low Water Concentration along a concentration gradient, through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 17

If a solution is of a higher water concentration than the cell it is said to be what?

Answer 17

Hypotonic

Question 18

If a solution is of a lower water concentration than the cell it is said to be what?

Answer 18

Hypertonic

Question 19

When the solution and cell concentration are equal it is said to be what?

Answer 19

Isotonic

Question 20

A phospholipid Bilayer is often referred to a what?

Answer 20

A Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 21

Proteins on the phospholipid Bilayer have other functions such as

Answer 21

• support
• channels for transport of molecules
• carriers e.g. Sodium/potassium pump
• enzymes
• receptors for hormones

Question 22

What is active transport ?

Answer 22

Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions from a low concentration to a high concentration against a concentration gradient through a plasma cell membrane. This process requires energy

Question 23

What are cells ?

Answer 23

Cells are the basic units that make up nearly all living things