Unit One - Cell Biology Flashcards
Some microscopic living things consist of only one cell. What are these called ?
They are called unicellular or single celled
What is the name for unicellular organisms that have the characteristics of animal cells
They are called protozoans
A group of similar cells working together and carrying out a specific function are known as a _______?
Tissue
A group of different tissues make up an ________?
Organ
A group of related tissues and organs make up a ___________?
System e.g. Digestive system
What function do the palisade mesophyll cells have ?
It is the primary region of light absorption and photosynthesis
The shape of the spongy mesophyll cells aid their function, describe this shape and function.
Their round shape allows loose arrangement in contact with moist air spaces for absorption of CO2
Xylem are described as ‘dead hollow tubes’ how does this allow them to carry out their job
This allows them to carry out their job because it allows water to flow freely
Xylem vessels contain lignin, what is the function of lignin ?
Lignin strengthens the xylem vessels walls
What is the function of the phloem ?
Transport of soluble carbohydrates
Another cell is associated with the phloem cell, what is it and what does it do?
Another cell associated with the phloem cell is the companion cell and it controls the sieve tube
What is the function of a Red Blood Cell ?
It uptakes and transports of oxygen to living cells
How does the shape of the Red Blood Cell aid its function?
The shape allows it to have a large surface area
Describe the structure of he ciliates epithelium tissue.
It sweeps dirty mucus up and away from the lungs
What is diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of molecules or ions from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration of that molecule along a concentration gradient, until evenly spread.
What is osmosis ?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of High Water Concentration to a region of Low Water Concentration along a concentration gradient, through a selectively permeable membrane
If a solution is of a higher water concentration than the cell it is said to be what?
Hypotonic
If a solution is of a lower water concentration than the cell it is said to be what?
Hypertonic
When the solution and cell concentration are equal it is said to be what?
Isotonic
A phospholipid Bilayer is often referred to a what?
A Fluid Mosaic Model
Proteins on the phospholipid Bilayer have other functions such as
- support
- channels for transport of molecules
- carriers e.g. Sodium/potassium pump
- enzymes
- receptors for hormones
What is active transport ?
Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions from a low concentration to a high concentration against a concentration gradient through a plasma cell membrane. This process requires energy
What are cells ?
Cells are the basic units that make up nearly all living things
