Unit One Flashcards
A behavior may be selected as a target for change because:
X= It seems unusual to the people around the individual.
Y= A deficit makes the person too dependent on others.
Z= It helps the individual achieve outcomes.
Y and Z only
When a person cannot do a skill, we refer to this as a X. When a person will not do a skill they are able to do, we refer to this as a Y.
X= performance problem; Y= compliance problem
X= skill deficit; Y= performance problem
X= performance problem; Y= skill deficit
X= skill deficit; Y= problem with fluency
X= skill deficit; Y= performance problem
Which statement would belong as part of a definition of adaptive behavior? Adaptive behavior is:
Those skills or abilities that enable an individual to meet standards of personal independence and responsibility that are expected of his/her age group.
The full range of possible performances of a skill by anyone within a cultural or social group, either with or without a disability.
All of these characteristics define an adaptive behavior
Static, and does not change based on variables such as a person’s age or cultural expectations.
Those skills or abilities that enable an individual to meet standards of personal independence and responsibility that are expected of his/her age group.
Acquisition targets can be identified when the person “cannot do” a socially significant and functionally useful skill even:
X= Under the most powerful contingencies.
Y= When given the most specific and clear instructions.
X and Y
Neither X nor Y
Y only
X only
X and Y
Typically, mastered tasks can be correctly performed during at least \_\_\_\_ of trials. 100% 65% 50% 80%
80%
Which of the following is a behavior based skill assessment tool discussed in this unit? SIT scale The Maladaptive Behavior Rating Scale Essential For Living The MMPI
Essential For Living
Jenny is a 4-year old with significant language delays. She is also delayed in some significant social and pre-academic skills. Which assessment/curriculum packages would most likely meet her immediate needs?
Essential For Living
VB-MAPP
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Rating Scale
MOVE functional motor movements
VB-MAPP
The following could be conditioned as reinforcers, except:
All these are good conditioned reinforcers
Praise
Yourself (as a teacher)
Compliance
Compliance
Jerry usually sits on his own and flaps his hand in front of his face. When prompted to do a task, he often slaps his head until the person asking him to do the task goes away. Jose sits across the dining room table with Jerry's favorite beverage, a cup of coffee. When Jerry stops flapping his hands for a moment and makes eye contact, Jose says, "Great looking at me, Jerry. " He immediately passes Jerry a small amount of coffee in a paper cup. Soon in Jose's presence, Jerry flaps his hands less and looks at Jose more often. Afterwards, when Jose praises Jerry following an instruction, that behavior begins to increase in strength and frequency. Jose praising Jerry before delivering coffee established social praise as a: You Answered All these may be correct Conditioned stimulus Conditioned reinforcer Conditioned establishing operation
Conditioned reinforcer
In relation to the question above about Jerry and Jose, what process led to the change in the function of praise? Motivational operation Yoking Pairing Stimulus control
Pairing
Before you begin teaching, you must identify:
X= what you want the learner to do.
Y= the conditions under which you want the learner to exhibit the behavior.
Z= the function of problematic behavior.
Y and Z only
Z only
X and Y only
X, Y, and Z
X and Y only
Which of the following is most likely to function as an SD for a listener skill? A conditioned reinforcer Non-verbal environmental events An echoic response A spoken word direction
A spoken word direction
An antecedent which, after teaching, evokes the target response is a(n): Prompt Motivating Operation SD Reinforcer
SD
A teacher says, “Ok, class, now it is time to close your social studies book and open your math book to page 157.” This verbal direction is most likely a(n) ____ for opening the math book.
Both prompt and SD (they are the same)
SDP
SD
Prompt
SD
Antecedents that may temporarily increase or decrease the value of a reinforcer and evoke an appropriate response are: SDs Reinforcers Prompts Motivating Operations
Motivating Operations
Telling a child to pick up his fork and take a bite, after the plate of food has been placed in front of him, would be an example of a(n): Reinforcer Motivating operation Prompt SD
Prompt
The following could be an example of an artificial consequence for teeth brushing, except: Praise A token delivery Clean teeth and fresh breath A check on a chore list
Clean teeth and fresh breath
Reinforcement should be used for all the following, except:
Maintaining behavior that has been established
Establishing a new behavior
In both operant and respondent conditioning
Strengthening a dimension of an already acquired skill
In both operant and respondent conditioning
Which of the following is a potential unwanted effect of reinforcement?
Establishing the deliverer as an SD
An increase in a dimension of the target behavior
Establishing the desired rate of appropriate behavior
Creating a “cookie monster”
Creating a “Cookie monster”
____ prompts operate directly on the ____.
Movement cue; Response
Stimulus; Response
Response; Stimulus that should evoke behavior
Response; Response
Response; Response
If the learner does not have imitation skills, which type of prompt would be inappropriate to use?
Demonstration
Partial physical
All the listed items are appropriate to use
Full physical
Demonstration
Stimulus prompts operate directly on an antecedent to cue a correct response in conjunction with:
Abolishing operations for reinforcement
The critical reinforcer
Supplemental stimuli
The critical SD
The critical SD
Fading is a technique used to gradually transfer X from supplemental stimuli to naturally occurring Y.
X= stimulus control; Y= EOs and/or discriminative stimuli
X= generalized responses; Y= consequences
X= prompted responses; Y= unprompted responses
X= discriminative control; Y= unconditioned stimuli
X= stimulus control; Y= EOs and/or discriminative stimuli
Amy-Jo instructs Zach to come near her by saying, “Zach, come here please.” 5-seconds has elapsed and Zach does not move towards her so she issues a verbal prompt. Another 5-seconds has elapsed and there is still no movement so she uses her hand to make a "come here" gesture. Finally, upon seeing this gesture prompt, Zach moves closer to her. Which procedure for fading prompts does this exemplify? Stimulus prompting Least-to-most prompting Graduated guidance Most-to-least prompting
Least-to-most prompting
Casey’s ‘set the table’ program contains 10 steps in a specific sequence. The last step is “put the knife to the right of the fork on top of the napkin.” Data show she can reliably do this step with a light touch prompt. However, during the most recent trial, a full physical prompt was required to evoke this response. With regards to the use of reinforcement and prompting, which statement is true?
X= Her behavior tech should not issue reinforcement because a more intrusive prompt was required to evoke the response.
Y= Her behavior tech should issue punishment before delivering a more intrusive prompt.
X and Y
X only
Y only
Neither X nor Y
X only
Nico can say his phone number but he cannot write it down. Scott, his behavior analyst, writes down Nico’s phone number, 8675309, on a piece of paper. He requires Nico to trace all seven digits. Once Nico does that reliably, Scott writes down: 867530. Nico traces the six digits and writes the seventh digit without a prompt. On later trials, Scott continues to take a digit away until Nico can write down all seven digits without any prompts. Which procedure does this describe? Stimulus fading in Response prompts fading out Stimulus fading out Response prompts fading in
Stimulus fading out
What type of prompting procedure is used in errorless learning? Least-to-most prompting Shaping Most-to-least prompting No-no prompting
Most-to-least prompting
A task analysis is:
A functional assessment approach to determines the controlling variables that maintain the completion of a particular task.
A series of steps that break down a skill into teachable units.
A procedure used to teach a series of steps in a behavior chain.
A type of treatment evaluation used to identify the effective component(s) on a treatment package.
A series of steps that break down a skill into teachable units.
From the list below, identify the option that is not a step used to develop a task analysis.
Write down each individual step in a sequence.
Perform or have someone perform the task according to the steps listed to check if the sequence matches what the learner should do.
Identify the reason(s) why the person is not completing a particular task.
Perform the task or watch someone perform the task to identify the steps that are necessary to complete it.
Identify the reason(s) why the person is not completing a particular task.
Which procedures can be used to teach a behavior chain? Modeling Any of these procedures Instructions Chaining
Any of these procedures
Which is not a chaining procedure? Backward chaining Forward chaining Forward chaining with leaps ahead Total task chaining
Forward chaining with leaps ahead
Chaining procedure in which reinforcement is delivered at the end of the step being trained as long as: (a) The step is performed to criterion. (b) Previously trained steps are independently performed. What type of chaining is this? Total task chaining Backward chaining All these Forward chaining
Forward chaining
What chaining procedure is recommended for individuals that can already perform some of the steps in the chain, but need to learn to complete them in a sequence? All these Total task chaining Backward chaining Forward chaining
Total task chaining
