Unit One

Question 1

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 1

Using only the information at hand to describe the selected group of individuals.

Question 2

Inferential Statistics

Answer 2

Using the information at hand to make a larger, more general statement about the entire population of individuals.

Question 3

What is the importance of statistics? What are the two types of statistics?

Answer 3

Statistics allows us to synthesize the information we get from the world around us.

There are two types of statistics.

Descriptive statistics describe information gathered at a particular point.

Inferential statistics gather information and then makes a generalization or prediction about the population.

Question 4

Statistical analysis

Answer 4

All the way s of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the data.

Question 5

Statistical Study

Answer 5

A way to collect information from individuals

Question 6

Statistics

Answer 6

The study of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting information.

Question 7

Data

Answer 7

Data is the pieces of information that we use in order to answer some statistical question. It could be a number or an attribute.

But ultimately its the pieces of information that we use to get a more accurate picture of a scenario.

Question 8

Available data.

Answer 8

Available data is data that has already been collected by somebody.

Official Textbook Definition:

Data collected by some other entity- a government or private company.

Question 9

Who collects data?

Answer 9

• Government organizations
  -Polling Organizations
  -New Sources
  -Government Entities
  -Private Entities.

Question 10

Raw Data

Answer 10

Un organized, unprocessed, and not summarized. Typically, this is data that is not already available.

Question 11

Bias

Answer 11

The systematic favoring of certain outcomes in a study. There are many ways to introduce bias into a study.

Question 12

Three common questions when collecting data are:

Answer 12

1. Who will receive this data?
2. For whom is the data intended?
3. How will you and other gain access to it?

Question 13

Why is collecting data and the accuracy of this data so important?

Answer 13

Collecting data is important because it’s the source of statistics. Think about data as the raw means of creating something useful. If you collect your data well, the statistics are going to be accurate. If you collect your data poorly, then your data is poor. There’s no rescuing that.

You can’t make useful statistics out of poor data. Thinking critically will help you determine which type of data should be used for your purposes.

Question 14

Qualitative/Categorial Data

Answer 14

Data whose values are the names of categories. These can be numbers, but not the kinds of numbers with which it makes sense to do any numerical operations.

Question 15

Two areas that qualitive data can be divided into.

Answer 15

1. Nominal Measurements
2. Ordinal Measurements.

Question 16

Nominal Level of Measurement Meaning

Answer 16

Qualitive data where the order in which the categories are presented does not matter.

Question 17

Ordinal Level of Measurement

Answer 17

Qualitative data where the order in which the categories are presented matters.

Question 17

Continuous Data

Answer 17

Data that can take any value within an interval.

Question 17

Census

Answer 17

Using the entire population to obtain data.

Question 17

Quantitative Data

Answer 17

Data whose values are numbers and it makes sense to do numerical operations.

Question 18

Discrete Data

Answer 18

Data that can only take so many values.

Question 18

Population

Answer 18

The entire set of individuals from which to sample.

Question 19

Sample/Sampling

Answer 19

A subset of the population. There are many ways to select a sample.

Question 20

Representative Sample

Answer 20

A sample that accurately reflects the population.

Question 21

Random Sample

Answer 21

A sample that has been selected in a manner where every member of the population has some predetermined chance of being selected for the sample.

Question 22

Random Selection

Answer 22

The method of obtaining a random sample

Question 23

Probability Sampling Plan

Answer 23

The way to collect a random sample that guarantees a certain likelihood for each member of the population to be selected.

Question 24

Probability Sampling Plan

Answer 24

The way to collect a random sample that guarantees a certain likelihood for each member of the population to be selected.