unit one

Question 1

what were Plato’s beliefs on developmental psychology?

Answer 1

parenting should focus on teaching self-control and disciple
knowledge is inate

Question 2

what were Aristotle’s beliefs on developmental psychology?

Answer 2

parenting should consider unique needs of each child
knowledge is from experience

Question 3

what were Locke’s beliefs on developmental psychology?

Answer 3

parenting should be about growth of character
freedom should be gradually increased
tabula rasa (blank slate)

Question 4

what were Rosseau’s beliefs on developmetnal psychology?

Answer 4

parents should give maximum freedom
knowledge comes from spontaneous interactions (no school)

Question 5

what were Darwin’s beliefs on developmental psychology?

Answer 5

children should be included in research since they provide insight into people in general

Question 6

what is a cross-sectional design?

Answer 6

participants are studied once for a short period of time

Question 7

what are some problems with cross-sectional designs?

Answer 7

cohort issues
no info on individual development

Question 8

what is a microgenetic design?

Answer 8

particpants are studied multiple times for a short period of time

Question 9

what are some issues with microgenetic designs?

Answer 9

practice effects
demands on people

Question 10

when are microgenetic designs usually used?

Answer 10

transitional stages of developmental processes

Question 11

what are longitudinal designs?

Answer 11

participants are studied for a long period of time?

Question 12

what are some problems with longitudinal designs?

Answer 12

losing participants and keeping a representative sample

Question 13

what is a sequential design?

Answer 13

measures each cohort at a different time but same age

Question 14

what was the first ever development study?

Answer 14

darwin recording his son’s development

Question 15

what are the eight best practices of child research?

Answer 15

• incluson of mionrs
• consent to research (parents)
• assent to research (child)
• risk and benefit analysis
• privacy and confidentiality
• return of research
• payment
• research ethics board (with developmental psychologist)

Question 16

what are the types of payment for research?

Answer 16

reimbursement
payment
apreciation
incentive

Question 17

what is the amniotic fluid?

Answer 17

protective barrier that keeps a consistent temperature

Question 18

what is the amniotic sac?

Answer 18

tranparent membrane

Question 19

what is teh placenta?

Answer 19

semi-permeable membrane to allow material exchange

Question 20

what is teh umbillical cord?

Answer 20

tube with blood vessels that connects fetus to placenta

Question 21

what is the fetal experience of visual stimuli?

Answer 21

can process from 3rd trimester and show a preference for light from aboce

Question 22

what is the fetal experience of touch?

Answer 22

common to touch face and grab umbillical cord

Question 23

when do fetus move?

Answer 23

movement at 5-6 weeks
hiccups at 7 weeks
fetal breathing at 10 weeks

Question 24

what is the fetal experience of hearing?

Answer 24

womb is very loud
fetus can react to mom’s voice

Question 25

what is the fetal experience of smell/taste?

Answer 25

fetus can taste/smell different thigns from mom's diet and prefer sweet things

Question 26

what are the types of genetic testing?

Answer 26

chorionic villus sampling (from placenta at 10-13 weeks) and amniocentesis )from amniotic fluid at 15-20 weeks)

Question 27

what are the main ponts of piagets theory?

Answer 27

child as scientist children have intrinsic motivation 4 stages

Question 28

what are "rules" for piagets stages?

Answer 28

invariently sequenced qualitative change with broad applications brief transitions

Question 29

what are piaget's stages?

Answer 29

sensorimotor stage (birth-2) preoperational stage (2-7) concrete operational stage (7-12) formal operational stage (12+)

Question 30

what happens in the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 30

object permanence (with A-not-B errors) deferred imitation (enduring mental representations)

Question 31

what happens in the preoperational stage?

Answer 31

symbolic representation egocentrism centrism dont understand conservationism

Question 32

what happens in the concrete operational stage?

Answer 32

logical reasoning about concrete things (conservationism) no centrism or egocentrism cannot create systematic tests or reason hypothetically

Question 33

what happens in the formal operational stage?

Answer 33

abstract and hypothetical reasoning and thinking *not universal*

Question 34

what are weaknesses of piagets theory?

Answer 34

-vague growth mechanisms - understating competency - understating social role - overstating consistency of thinking

Question 35

how does info processing theory view children?

Answer 35

as an active problem solver with a brain like a well integrated (computer) system

Question 36

what does info processing theory disagree with Piaget on?

Answer 36

believes that development is continuous (no stages)

Question 37

what is task anaylsis?

Answer 37

loking at goals, prior knowlege, potential solutions, and obstacles

Question 38

how do info processing theory believe cognitive development happens?

Answer 38

through the development of memory, problem solving, and executive function

Question 39

what is overlapping waves theory?

Answer 39

using multiple problem solving strategies at once

Question 40

how does core knowlege theory view children?

Answer 40

as a well adapted product of evolution

Question 41

what are the two types of core knowledge theorists?

Answer 41

nativist - babies know everything constructivist - babies build on core knowledge using culture and social

Question 42

who was the founder of sociocultural theory?

Answer 42

Vgotsky

Question 43

how does sociocultural theory view children?

Answer 43

as a social learner

Question 44

how do sociocultural theorists believe cognitive development happens?

Answer 44

through guided participation

Question 45

what is an example of guided participation?

Answer 45

social scaffolding

Question 46

what are the zones of learning?

Answer 46

out of reach (anxiety zone) -> poximal development (learning) zone -> achieved development (comfort zone)

Question 47

how does dynamic systems thoery view children?

Answer 47

as constantly variable and changing

Question 48

what does dynamic systems thoery take from piaget?

Answer 48

intrinsic motivation of children to learn

Question 49

what does dynamic systems thoery take from sociocultural?

Answer 49

that people are essential to children development

Question 50

what does dynamic systems thoery take from info processing?

Answer 50

focus on problem solving

Question 51

what does dynamic systems thoery take from core knowledge?

Answer 51

babies are competent very early in life

Question 52

how does dynamic systems thoery believe cognitive development happens?

Answer 52

thorugh actions

Question 53

how does dynamic systems thoery imagine a child's brain?

Answer 53

as "soft" assembled into a system of subtypes