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PSYO2090 (developmental psychology) > unit one > Flashcards

unit one Flashcards

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1
Q

what were Plato’s beliefs on developmental psychology?

A

parenting should focus on teaching self-control and disciple
knowledge is inate

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2
Q

what were Aristotle’s beliefs on developmental psychology?

A

parenting should consider unique needs of each child
knowledge is from experience

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3
Q

what were Locke’s beliefs on developmental psychology?

A

parenting should be about growth of character
freedom should be gradually increased
tabula rasa (blank slate)

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4
Q

what were Rosseau’s beliefs on developmetnal psychology?

A

parents should give maximum freedom
knowledge comes from spontaneous interactions (no school)

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5
Q

what were Darwin’s beliefs on developmental psychology?

A

children should be included in research since they provide insight into people in general

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6
Q

what is a cross-sectional design?

A

participants are studied once for a short period of time

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7
Q

what are some problems with cross-sectional designs?

A

cohort issues
no info on individual development

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8
Q

what is a microgenetic design?

A

particpants are studied multiple times for a short period of time

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9
Q

what are some issues with microgenetic designs?

A

practice effects
demands on people

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10
Q

when are microgenetic designs usually used?

A

transitional stages of developmental processes

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11
Q

what are longitudinal designs?

A

participants are studied for a long period of time?

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12
Q

what are some problems with longitudinal designs?

A

losing participants and keeping a representative sample

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13
Q

what is a sequential design?

A

measures each cohort at a different time but same age

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14
Q

what was the first ever development study?

A

darwin recording his son’s development

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15
Q

what are the eight best practices of child research?

A
  • incluson of mionrs
  • consent to research (parents)
  • assent to research (child)
  • risk and benefit analysis
  • privacy and confidentiality
  • return of research
  • payment
  • research ethics board (with developmental psychologist)
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16
Q

what are the types of payment for research?

A

reimbursement
payment
apreciation
incentive

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17
Q

what is the amniotic fluid?

A

protective barrier that keeps a consistent temperature

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18
Q

what is the amniotic sac?

A

tranparent membrane

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19
Q

what is teh placenta?

A

semi-permeable membrane to allow material exchange

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20
Q

what is teh umbillical cord?

A

tube with blood vessels that connects fetus to placenta

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21
Q

what is the fetal experience of visual stimuli?

A

can process from 3rd trimester and show a preference for light from aboce

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22
Q

what is the fetal experience of touch?

A

common to touch face and grab umbillical cord

23
Q

when do fetus move?

A

movement at 5-6 weeks
hiccups at 7 weeks
fetal breathing at 10 weeks

24
Q

what is the fetal experience of hearing?

A

womb is very loud
fetus can react to mom’s voice

25
Q

what is the fetal experience of smell/taste?

A

fetus can taste/smell different thigns from mom’s diet and prefer sweet things

26
Q

what are the types of genetic testing?

A

chorionic villus sampling (from placenta at 10-13 weeks) and amniocentesis )from amniotic fluid at 15-20 weeks)

27
Q

what are the main ponts of piagets theory?

A

child as scientist
children have intrinsic motivation
4 stages

28
Q

what are “rules” for piagets stages?

A

invariently sequenced
qualitative change with broad applications
brief transitions

29
Q

what are piaget’s stages?

A

sensorimotor stage (birth-2)
preoperational stage (2-7)
concrete operational stage (7-12)
formal operational stage (12+)

30
Q

what happens in the sensorimotor stage?

A

object permanence (with A-not-B errors)
deferred imitation (enduring mental representations)

31
Q

what happens in the preoperational stage?

A

symbolic representation
egocentrism
centrism
dont understand conservationism

32
Q

what happens in the concrete operational stage?

A

logical reasoning about concrete things (conservationism)
no centrism or egocentrism
cannot create systematic tests or reason hypothetically

33
Q

what happens in the formal operational stage?

A

abstract and hypothetical reasoning and thinking
not universal

34
Q

what are weaknesses of piagets theory?

A

-vague growth mechanisms
- understating competency
- understating social role
- overstating consistency of thinking

35
Q

how does info processing theory view children?

A

as an active problem solver with a brain like a well integrated (computer) system

36
Q

what does info processing theory disagree with Piaget on?

A

believes that development is continuous (no stages)

37
Q

what is task anaylsis?

A

loking at goals, prior knowlege, potential solutions, and obstacles

38
Q

how do info processing theory believe cognitive development happens?

A

through the development of memory, problem solving, and executive function

39
Q

what is overlapping waves theory?

A

using multiple problem solving strategies at once

40
Q

how does core knowlege theory view children?

A

as a well adapted product of evolution

41
Q

what are the two types of core knowledge theorists?

A

nativist - babies know everything
constructivist - babies build on core knowledge using culture and social

42
Q

who was the founder of sociocultural theory?

A

Vgotsky

43
Q

how does sociocultural theory view children?

A

as a social learner

44
Q

how do sociocultural theorists believe cognitive development happens?

A

through guided participation

45
Q

what is an example of guided participation?

A

social scaffolding

46
Q

what are the zones of learning?

A

out of reach (anxiety zone) -> poximal development (learning) zone -> achieved development (comfort zone)

47
Q

how does dynamic systems thoery view children?

A

as constantly variable and changing

48
Q

what does dynamic systems thoery take from piaget?

A

intrinsic motivation of children to learn

49
Q

what does dynamic systems thoery take from sociocultural?

A

that people are essential to children development

50
Q

what does dynamic systems thoery take from info processing?

A

focus on problem solving

51
Q

what does dynamic systems thoery take from core knowledge?

A

babies are competent very early in life

52
Q

how does dynamic systems thoery believe cognitive development happens?

A

thorugh actions

53
Q

how does dynamic systems thoery imagine a child’s brain?

A

as “soft” assembled into a system of subtypes

PSYO2090 (developmental psychology) (1 decks)

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