Unit one Flashcards
What is Linear dilution?
dilutions by equal intervals
What is Log dilution?
dilutions differ by a constant proportion
What does a standard curve do?
determines the unknown
Why is a buffer used?
To control the pH
What is a colorimeter used for?
To quantify concentrations and the turbidity
What does Centrifudge do?
separates substances based in density
what is chromatography used for?
Separating substances
What is affinity chromatography?
method used to separate proteins
How does affinity chromatography work?
Gel colum is created with specific receptors bound to it. As the proteins pass through the column the target proteins become attached
what is gel electrophoresis
process used to separate proteins and nuclei gels
what is the proteome?
entire set of proteins expressed by a genome
why is the proteome larger?
more than one protein can be produced from a single gene
what is included in the mature mRNA transcript?
different combinations of exons
what happens to transcribed DNA
once transcribed the DNA goes through alternative splicing to create a mature transcript. This is then formed into a poly peptide. post translational modifications then take place to form proteins.
what happens when the protein make bonds when changing shape
proteolytic cleavage
why is it called rough endoplasmic reticulum?
there are ribosomes on the outside of it
what is the golgi apparatus
series of discs
what is the functions of the golgi apparatus
protein secretion ( pack it up and send it out to the cell )
what do lysosomes do
carry hydrolyses
what are hydrolyases
enzymes which are involved in the digestion of lipids and proteins
what do vesicles do
transport proteins ( take packaged proteins to the golgi apparatus )
why do eukaryotic cells require a system of internal membranes?
it allows for compartments to be formed in cell organelles and provides a surface area for vital functions performed by internal membranes
what happens in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
lipids are synthesised
where does the synthesis of proteins occur
cytosolic ribosomes
what are transmembrane proteins
proteins that carry a signal sequence which halts translation and forms the Rough endoplasmic reticulum
why do eukaryotic cells require a system of internal membranes?
it allows increased compartmentalisation in the cell and increases the surface area
what is the endoplasmic reticulum involved in?
involved if the synthesis of the parts of the plasma membrane
where are lipids formed
on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
where are proteins made
cytosolic ribosome
State the processes that occur as the protein moves through the golgi apparatus?
post translational modifications
Name some secretory proteins and describe the movement of these proteins from translation to secretion?
digestive enzyme and they live from translation to secretion y being translated on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then secreted through the golgi apparatus then through the plasma membrane of the cell
primary structure
It’s the structure in which amino acids are synthesised. amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
secondary
hydrogen bonds along the backbone of the protein strand
what do kinases do
add phosphate to proteins
what removes phosphate from proteins?
phosphotases
what is the concentration gradient?
difference in concentration of a solute across a membrane
what is the electrical potential difference
it is what is created when there is a difference in electrical charge on the two sides of the membrane
what does the electrochemical gradient do
it determines the transport of the solute
what is the sodium potassium pump do?
generates the ion concentration gradient for glucose symport
