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Government- Kelly > Unit One > Flashcards

Unit One Flashcards

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1
Q

Government

A

formal institutions and processes in which decisions are made for a group of people

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2
Q

4 Ps of Government

A

People, Power, Policy, Politics

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3
Q

Categories of People

A

Elected Officials, Appointed Officials, Hired by Merit, Governed

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4
Q

3 Types of Power in Government

A

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

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5
Q

Legislative

A

the power to make laws

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6
Q

Executive

A

The power to enforce laws

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7
Q

Judicial

A

The power to judge laws

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8
Q

Policy

A

decision is made for the pursuit of some goal

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9
Q

Politics

A

process in which decisions are carried out

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10
Q

State

A

political unit with power to make and enforce laws over a group of people living within a defined territory

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11
Q

4 characteristics of a State

A
  1. Functioning Government
  2. Territory
  3. Population
  4. Sovereignty
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12
Q

Sovereignty

A

ultimate authority to act over the population of a territory and control external affairs

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13
Q

functions of Government

A
  1. Ensure national security
  2. Provide Services
  3. Public Good
  4. Maintain Order
  5. Resolve Conflict
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14
Q

Public Good

A

promote general welfare of society

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15
Q

Provide Services

A

controversial role of government, because these may be exclusionary (that is some people get them and others don’t)

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16
Q

Legitimacy

A

rulers of a state are seen as right and proper by important section of population

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17
Q

Divine Rights of Kings

A

the kings were only answerable to God, they were above the law and had absolute power due to the “mandate from heaven”

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18
Q

Social- Contract theory

A

government form from people agreeing to be governed in exchange for safety and support

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19
Q

Hobbes- Social Contract

A

invest absolute power in a ruler to govern the citizenry

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20
Q

Locke- Social Contract

A

People have natural rights and they consent to government to protect those rights, including life, liberty and property.

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21
Q

Anarchy

A

state of lawlessness and disorder (usually from failure of gov) in which each individual is at war with one another

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22
Q

Monarchy

A

gov ruled by king or queen, where power is inherited, and ruler have great deal of power

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23
Q

Constitutional Monarchy

A

citizens, through the constitution, puts limits on power of monarchs, with real power in another brance, may coexist with representative democracy

24
Q

Dictatorship

A

one person has absolute power and makes all decisions, violence may be used to maintain order since legitimacy is lacking

25
Q

Totalitarian Regimes

A

Gov controls all aspects of life and there are no formal or informal limits on gov power

26
Q

Oligarchy

A

small group of powerful ppl make most decisions for their benefits (membership in group may be based on wealth, family, or military powers)

27
Q

Theocracy

A

ruled by religious leader who claim to represent and be directed by religious ideas

28
Q

Direct Democracy

A

gov in which ppl come together and discuss and pass laws without elected officials.
works best in small settings

29
Q

Republic/Representative Democracy

A

gov in which citizens are source of power but elected representatives make gov decisions on their behalfs

30
Q

Unitary System of Power Division

A

national gov –> state only

31
Q

Federal System of Power Division

A

national <— –> state both have sovereignty.
power is balanced

32
Q

Confederal System of Power Division

A

state –> national ONLY.

33
Q

advantage of presidential system

A
  1. president more directly accountable to voters
  2. term of president is set
  3. separation of power to prevent abuse
  4. independence of executive from other brances
  5. president can quickly act to implement policy
34
Q

disadvantages of presidential system

A
  1. difficult to remove president if unfit
  2. risk of gridlock & inefficiency
  3. separate branches may have conflict
  4. presidents may be too strong
  5. risk of authoritarian executive
35
Q

advantage of parliamentary system

A
  1. efficiency in that legislative & executive are combined
  2. prime minister is accountable to parliament
  3. easier to pass legislation
36
Q

disadvantages of parliamentary system

A
  1. fewer checks and balances
  2. prime minister chose by parliament not people
  3. prime minister lacks independence
  4. chance of more frequent election
  5. often require coalitions to form gov
37
Q

Ideal

A

conception of something in its most perfect form

38
Q

Key American Ideals

A

Liberty, Equality, and Self-Gov

39
Q

Liberty

A

ability to act and think as they choose so long as it does no harm to the liberty or well-being of others

40
Q

self-gov

A

belief that ordinary people could aspire to rule themselves and do as as political equals (ppl are source of soverignty)

41
Q

Thomas Jefferson quote on equality

A

“We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights.”

42
Q

Examples of Inequality noted by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1830s

A

slavery, treatment of natives, incomplete equality which puts liberty at risk

43
Q

Despotism

A

political system in which rule is given too much power and exercises that power nearly absolutely, creating a tyranny

44
Q

Principles of American Democracy

A
  1. Worth of the Individual
  2. Rule of Law
  3. Balance of Majority Rules and Minority Rights
  4. Compromise
  5. Citizen participation
  6. Free Market Economics
45
Q

worth of individual

A

individual liberty and self-reliance that respects the rights of individuals to choose their own course

46
Q

rule of law

A

limits power of gov because leaders & citizens are both accountable to the laws

47
Q

liberal democracy

A

individual rights and liberties, including those in minority, are balanced with the will of the majority

48
Q

citizen participation

A

voting, running for office, participating in juries, paying taxes

49
Q

free enterprise

A

economic system based on competition, which allows ppl to make their own economic choices about how to best maximize their potential w limited interfference from gov.

50
Q

economic freedoms in US

A
  1. earn and save money
  2. purchase and own property
  3. spend money on goods and services
  4. choose their own jobs
  5. determine how to invest their captial
  6. open new businesses
51
Q

John Locke list of natural rights

A

Life
Liberty
Property

52
Q

Centrally Planned Economy

A

gov makes key economic decisions, thereby limiting the economics liberty of individuals

53
Q

gideon vs. wainwright

A

US supreme court regarding the ideal of equality.
Holding that the right to an attourney from 6th amendment extends even to those who can’t afford it

54
Q

Ruby Bridges attending an integrated school

A

example of American ideal of equality, implementing the 1954 Brown vs. Board decision that said separate educational facilities were fundamentally unequal

55
Q

referendum

A

vote by the people which make laws is the most common example of direct democracy in US
(EX: Colorado legalizing recreational marijuana)

Government- Kelly (1 decks)

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