Unit IX, VII, X Test Review Flashcards
Eleven-month-old Jason drops a toy from his crib. He immediately looks over the side of the crib to search for the toy. Jason’s behavior demonstrates that he has acquired
object permanence
Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig’s father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig’s new way of thinking about nests is an example of
accommodation
According to the five-factor model of personality, which of the following is true?
Most personality traits can be derived from the five major traits of the theory.
In Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to
express happiness when the mother returned to the room
An animal will gain weight when
its ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged
Angry with his professor because of a difficult exam, Martin returns home and takes out his anger on his best friend. Martin’s behavior illustrates
displacement
Which of the following argues that physiological needs create aroused psychological states that cause us to try to satisfy those needs?
Drive theory
According to Diana Baumrind, which of the following is a parenting style that, among children raised in the United States, is most closely associated with the development of self-reliance and confidence?
Authoritative
Chris believed he did well on his exam because he was lucky. Which psychological concept applies to Chris’s explanation?
External locus of control
Danielle was laid off from her job six months ago and has been unsuccessful at finding a new one. The income from her long hours of temp work barely covers her bills. She has begun to have frequent cold and flu symptoms and has become depressed. Danielle is most likely in the stage of Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome known as
exhaustion
In an experiment, a researcher showed children a video of a person interacting with a doll. Half of the children watched a video of a person behaving violently toward a doll, and the other half saw a video of a person playing nicely with a doll. The researcher also looked at whether the gender and age of the child made a difference in how they interacted with the doll. In this study, the dependent variable was
the way children interact with a doll
Mark, a flight attendant, began his workday in a bad mood. However, by the end of the day, he felt much happier. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what may have influenced Mark’s mood?
Because it is his job to be courteous to customers, Mark smiled at passengers frequently.
Which of the following Freudian constructs is believed to protect the organism from anxiety by making memories inaccessible?
Repression
According to Sigmund Freud, our sexual and aggressive instincts are located primarily in the
id
The results of Harry Harlow’s experiments with infant monkeys and surrogate mothers show that
contact comfort was the primary basis of attachment for the infant monkeys
Hypothetical and deductive thinking are characteristic of which of Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
Formal operations
Infants are repeatedly shown an object dropping onto a platform. Eventually, the infants spend less time looking at the object, and their heart rates and respirations decrease. This is an example of
habituation
John is generally pleasant, but during final exams he experiences more intense stress than other students experience. He is irritable and easily frustrated. According to the Big Five model of personality, John would be
high in neuroticism
Neo-Freudian theories of psychoanalysis such as those of Karen Horney and Erik Erikson differ from Freud’s conceptualization in that they are less likely to
emphasize the libido
According to psychoanalytic theory, Tom’s constant shoplifting suggests that he has an underdeveloped
superego
Rufus wanted to go to college after high school, but he did not go because he was afraid it would be too much work. For years he has considered going to college but he still fears that it will be too hard. Eventually he feels so unhappy that he goes to see a therapist, who follows Carl Rogers’s theory of humanistic personality. The therapist is most likely to explain Rufus’s unhappiness as being a result of
a mismatch between his ideal self and his real self
The Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are two popular forms of which of the following types of tests?
Projective
The notion of self-actualization is most closely associated with which of the following approaches to explaining personality?
Humanistic
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is based on the hypothesis that when a person interprets an ambiguous picture, that person is
projecting an internal psychological state onto an external stimulus
Researchers want to study the effects of teratogens. They should conduct
an experiment using pregnant rats
Which of the following behaviors best demonstrates an emotional response associated with the short route from the thalamus to the amygdala, as described by Joseph LeDoux?
Miguel jumps up on a chair because he thinks he sees something moving along the wall. When he realizes it was just a dust ball, he gets off the chair.
Which of the following describes the different emotional dispositions of infants?
Temperament
Which of the following findings about emotions is well supported by research?
There are several universal emotions.
Which of the following theories proposes that motivational states are controlled by external stimuli?
Incentive
According to Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer’s theory of emotion, which of the following is true?
The same physiological response can produce different emotions, depending on the context within which the response occurs and a person’s interpretation of that context.
Zeke is attempting to learn more about his world. When he encounters a new object, he picks it up and puts it in his mouth. Zeke is most likely in which of Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor
