Unit IV: Adolescent Disorders and Guest Lectures Flashcards
Core Features of Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
1) Impaired Control (criteria 1-4)
2) Social Impairment (criteria 5-7)
3) Risky Use (criteria 8-9)
4) Pharmacological (criteria 10 & 11)
*Need 2 within 12 mo. period
Trends in the Prevalence of Substance Use Among Adolescents
General decline across all substance compared to prior years
Binge Drinking in Adolescents: Prevalence
10% of teens 16-17 report binge drinking
Binge Drinking in Adolescents: Brain Effects
Grey matter reduction in heavy drinkers
Binge Drinking in Adolescents: Negative Outcomes
1) Drug and alcohol dependence in adulthood
2) Health and medical problems
3) Relationship stress
Risk Factors - Nurture: Socialization refers to?
Influence of parents and peers
Risk Factors - Nurture: Parenting
Low monitoring leads to greater substance use
Risk Factors - Nurture: Deviant Peer Affiliation
High peer deviance leads to greater substance use
Risk Factors - Nature: Heritability
Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B Enzyme (ADH1B)
Alcohol Metabolism
Alcohol Dehydrogenase converts ethanol (alcohol) into Acetaldehyde - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase converts Acetaldehyde into Acetate
ADH1B Gene Variants
“A” Histidine or “G” Arginine Alleles
“A” Histidine Variant
AA / AG genotype - breaks down ethanol into acetaldehyde faster resulting in a lower tolerance for alcohol use
ALDH2 Gene: Name and Relation to His Variant
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase & A variant breaks down Acetaldehyde into Acetate slower than G variant
OARS
O - Open ended questions: tell me, explain, describe
A - Affirmation: acknowledge the work and effort put in to change
R - Reflective Listening: allow clients to hear themselves from your perspective e.g. you feel like there is nothing you can do to pull your grade up
S - Summary: used to transition to new topic or conclude session
Ambivalence
state of mixed or contradictory feelings about someone or something
Four Steps of MI
Engaging, Focusing, Evoking, Planning
Change vs. Sustain Talk
Change talk decreases resistance and moves client towards change whereas sustain talk increases resistance and move client towards remaining the same
DARN CAT
Desire
Ability
Reason
Need
Commitment
Activation
Taking Steps
How to Provide Advice in MI
Elicit - Provide - Elicit
Problems with BMI
1) Not and effective tool for screening for BN or BED
2) Does not take into consideration body types
3) Doesn’t account for muscle mass, activity levels, or race/ethnicity
4) Not a strong diagnostic tool for other health problems
Consequences of ED
Cardiovascular abnormalities, organ failure, and highest mortality rate of all mental disorders
Risks
1) Genetic/Biological: Heritability
2) Psychological: Emotion Dysregulation and comorbidity
3) Sociocultural Factors: “Thin-ideal” and positive correlation between social medial usage and disordered eating
