Unit Iv A Flashcards
1
Q
Science of classifying organisms
A
Taxonomy
2
Q
Provides universal names for organisms
A
Taxonomy
3
Q
The science of classification of organisms according to their natural relationships
A
Phylogeny/Systematics
4
Q
Linnaeus’ Two Kingdom system
A
- Plants
- Animals
5
Q
Stays in place, photosynthesis
A
Plants
6
Q
Walk and eat
A
Animals
7
Q
Ernst Haeckel (1866) Three kingdom system
A
- Protista
- Plantae
- Animalia
8
Q
Unicellular organisms; microscopic
A
Protista
9
Q
Herbet Faulkner Copeland (1956) Four Kingdom Classification
A
- Mycota
- Protoctista
- Plantae
- Animalia
10
Q
Bacteria and blue-green algae
A
Mycota
11
Q
Protozoans and fungi
A
Protoctista
12
Q
Robert H. Whittaker (1969) Five Kingdom Classification
A
- Monera
- Fungi
- Protista
- Plantae
- Animalia
13
Q
Carl Woese and George Fox
Six Kingdoms
A
- Kingdom Archaebacteria
- Kingdom Eubacteria
- Kingdom Protista
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Animalia
14
Q
Often adapted to harsh conditions
A
Archaebacteria
15
Q
True bacteria
A
Eubacteria
16
Q
Proposed Three Domains of Life
A
Carl H. Woese (1978)
17
Q
Three Domains of Life
A
- Domain Bacteria (Bacteria)
- Domain Archaea (Archaebacteria)
- Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
18
Q
Who established hierarchical system of classification
A
Carolus Linnaeus
19
Q
Father of Taxonomy
A
Carolus Linnaeus
20
Q
A level of grouping
A
Taxon (Taxa)
21
Q
A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves
A
Eukaryotic species
22
Q
Least to most inclusive
Taxonomic Rank
A
- Species
- Genus
- Family
- Order
- Class
- Phylum/Division
- Kingdom
- Domain
23
Q
A population of closely related interbreeding individuals
A
Species
24
Q
Group of genetically related species
A
Genus/Genera
25
Genera with similar traits
Family
26
Families with common characteristics
Order
27
Orders with similar characteristics
Class
28
Who proposed scientific name
Carolus Linnaeus
29
Genus and species term
Binomial nomenclature
30
Importance of Scientific Names
1. Universally accepted
2. Reveals classification
3. More specific and definite
4. More or less permanent
5. Two or more organisms may have the same common names
6. One organism may have one or more common names
7. Some rare organisms do not have common names
31
A population of cells with similar characteristics
Prokaryotic Species
32
Is the standard reference on antibacterial classification
Bergey's Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology
33
Grown in laboratory media
Culture
34
Populations of cells derived from a single cell
Clone
35
A group of bacteria derived from a single cell
Strain
36
A catchall kingdom for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms
Protists
37
Cells walls made of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments
Fungi
38
No cell walls; Chemoautotrophic
Animalia
39
Cellulose cell walls; photoautotrophic
Plantae
40
Population of viruses with similar characteristics occupying a particular ecological niche
Viral Species
41
Not composed of cells; cannot grow without a host cell
Virus
42
Placing organisms in groups of related species
Classification
43
Matching characteristics of an 'unknown' to lists of known organisms
Identification
44
Provides identification schemes for identifying bacteria and archaea
Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
45
Provides phylogenetic information on the bacteria and archaea
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
46
Useful for identifying eukaryotes
Morphological Characteristics
47
Gram staining; acid-fast staining
Differential Staining
48
Determines the presence of bacterial enzymes
Biochemical tests
49
Results of each test are assigned a number
Numerical identification
50
Available for some medically important bacteria and yeasts
Automated Rapid Identification
51
Science that study blood serum and immune response that are evident in serum
Serology
52
Strains with different antigens are called
Serotypes, serovars or biovars
53
Is fast and can be read by a computer scanner
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
54
Used to identify antibodies in a patient's serum
Western Blotting
55
Are bacterial viruses that usually cause lysis of the bacterial cells they infect
Bacteriophages
56
Useful in tracing the origin and course of a disease outbreak
Bacteriophages
57
Is widely used in clinical and public health laboratories
FAME (Fatty acid methyl ester)
58
Measures physical and chemical characteristics of cells
Flow Cytometry
59
Used to identify bacteria in a sample without culturing the bacteria
Flow Cytometry
60
Technique used in the lab to make millions of copies of a particular section of DNA
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
61
Taxonomists can use an organism's DNA base composition to draw conclusions about relatedness
DNA Sequencing
62
Number and size of DNA fragments (fingerprints) produced by RE digests are used to determine genetic similarities
DNA fingerprinting
63
Single strands of DNA and RNA, from related organisms will hydrogen-bond to form a double-stranded molecule
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
64
Nucleic Acid Hybridization can be used to identify unknown microorganisms by
Southern Blotting
65
Which can quickly detect a pathogen in a host or the environment by identifying a gene that is unique to that pathogens
DNA Chip or Microarray
66
DNA Chip is composed of what
DNA probes
67
Are use to stain microorganisms in stay in place
Flouroscent dye-label RNA bad DNA probes
68
Used to amplify a small amount of microbial DNA in a sample
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)
69
Is a depiction of patterns of shared characteristics among taxa
Cladogram
70
Is defined as a group of species that includes an ancestral species and Al it's descendants
Clade with a cladogram
71
Is the study of resemblances among clades
Cladistics
72
Clado means
Branch
73
Who proposed that bacteria and fungi be placed in the plant kingdom
Carl Von Nageli
74
Fungi were placed in their own kingdom in
1959
75
Group of organisms considered to be more evolved than bacteria
Archaea
76
Evolutionary history of a kind of organisms
Phylogeny
77
Found in all three domains
Ribosome and plasma membrane
78
One common ancestor
Monophyletic
79
Require high concentration of salt for survival
Extreme Halophiles
80
Which normally grow in extremely hot environments
Hyperthermophiles
81
Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living inside one another, as endosymbionts
Endosymbiotic theory
82
This strain is commonly known as a cause of travels' diarrhea
Shiga toxin-producing E.coli
83
Binomial
Genus name and specific epithet
