Unit III- Intervention for Adult Lang.

Question 1

TBI

Answer 1

traumatic brain injury- blow from an external force

Question 2

closed head injury

Answer 2

skull is NOT penetrated

Question 3

open-head injury

Answer 3

skull IS penetrated

Question 4

Nontraumatic Brain Injury

Answer 4

caused by strokes, encephalopathies, toxins, or tumors

Question 5

characteristics of nonTBI

Answer 5

very similar to injuries from a TBI

Question 6

who’s more likely to sustain a TBI?

Answer 6

males are 2X more likely than females

50% of pop is over 18 yrs old & 50% are under 18 yrs old

Question 7

Causes of TBI

Answer 7

largest single injury comes from falls in children & falls in adults 65 yrs old & over

vehicle accidents combined are 46% of injuries (largest when added together) [MVA- motor vehicle accident]

drugs & alcohol play a factor

Question 8

weight of the brain

Answer 8

2-3 lbs (jello-like consistency)

Question 9

Focal Injuries

Answer 9

Primary Impact- head hits skull & skull is thrown front to back

Question 10

Shearing/Twisting

Answer 10

biggest concern!

results in diffuse damage at the cellular level (diffuse axonal injury- DAI)

Many times MRI/CT scans DON’T show potential damage

Question 11

Minor (mild) TBI

Answer 11

• mild blow to head
• no unconsciousness (for less than 30 min. if so)
• 10% have lifelong problems
• nausea, headaches, confusion, learning problems
• problems with employment and social interaction

Question 12

Moderate TBI

Answer 12

• period of unconsciousness (>30 min– 1-24 hrs)
• 33% have lifelong problems
• motor problems
• difficulty with cognitive communicative impairments

Question 13

Severe TBI

Answer 13

• severe motor problems
• 75% have lifelong problems
• stay in a coma for an extended period of time

Question 14

Medical Problems with TBI

Answer 14

Seizures, bowel/bladder control, orthopedic, sensory problems: hearing, vision, any sensory area

Question 15

Physical Problems with TBI

Answer 15

can be mild paresis to serious paralyzed (plegia); watch for balance, strength, and coordination problems

Question 16

Perceptual-Motor Problems with TBI

Answer 16

• visual neglect- left neglect is very common (damage to right side of brain)
• motor apraxia- motor planning problem (brain has trouble telling body what to do)

Question 17

Cognitive-Communication Problems with TBI

Answer 17

• Dysarthria: one weak or paralyzed side of mouth causes “slurred speech”
• apraxia of speech
• tangenital speech- can’t stay on topic
• confabulations- make up info and lie, but not on purpose and don’t realize it
• hyperverbosity- keep talking and don’t know when to stop
• problems with writing, lang, artic, abstraction, reading comp.
• anomia- word finding problems
• memory/attention/concentration- residual: problem happens AFTER the fact
• egocentric- all about them
• executive functioning problems

Question 18

Behavior Problems with TBI

Answer 18

• overlaps with problems with ADHD
• impulsivity, emotional lability (bouts of crying or laughing excessively), disinhibition, anger outbursts, poor judgement/motivation, apathy, lethargy

Question 19

Social Problems with TBI

Answer 19

typically the family’s biggest concern
- withdraw (recluse/hermit), easily distracted/influenced, bossy/argumentative, misperceive social actions and events, poor responsibility/dependency, loneliness/stubborness, mood changes (bipolarism?), perseveration (“1,2,1,1,2” or actions), sexually inappropriate behavior (flashing nurses), reluctance to seek assistance

Question 20

Proactive Intervention for TBI

Answer 20

Look at what’s ahead, determine obstacles, plan viable solutions, exercise creativity, ingenuity, and flexibility, involve key people, use many strategies learned for ADHD and LLD!