Unit III - Beef Production Flashcards
Population of the Cattle
2.58 million heads
Top Producing Regions
Central Visayas, CALABARZON, and Ilocos Region
Competitive Advantages
- increasing demand for beef.
- ability to transform low quality into high value protein food product;
- abundant supply of crop residues
- favorable climate for fodder production
Constraints
- low breeding base;
- high financing cost for breeder operations;
- poor nutrition and herd management;
- localized peace and order situation;
- competition for use of land;
Interventions
- Build up population base through well -defined breeding
program - Increase animal productivity through improved husbandry
- Effect strict quarantine and efficient disease
control programs - Improve marketing/pricing system
- Review policies on importation and credit system.
Beef Production Systems
- Ranching/Extensive System
- Feedlot Fattening Operation
- Backyard Cattle Raising
is a method of rearing beef cattle in which a permanent herd of cows is kept by a farmer or rancher to produce calves for later sale.
Cow Calf Operation
primary goal
of the breeders is
to produce animals
for breeding. Thus,
the calves are
raised until they
are ready for
breeding, provided
they passed the
selection criteria.
Breeding Farm Operation
consists of buying
healthy stock, feeding
and fattening them for
120 to 180 days, and
selling them for slaughter at any time.
Feedlot Fattening Operation
consists of
buying healthy stock,
feeding and fattening
them for 120 to 180
days, and selling them at
any time of the year.
Backyard Cattle Raising
- first cattle breed developed in England
- distinguished by its white-face, with flanks, white tails and white crest on its neck.
- produce excellent meat quality
known for its vigor, foraging ability, and longetivity
Hereford
- separate breed brought about by - hornless mutations in 1901
known for its hornlessness.
Polled Hereford
- solid black with abdominal spot of white underneath
- developed in Scotland
- resistant to harsh weather, undemanding, adaptable, good natured, mature
- extremely early and have a high carcass yield with nicely marbled meat
- females calve easily and have good calf rearing ability
Aberdeen Angus
- mainly black with a brownish tinge breed of cattle developed in Scotland
- bred for their tender, well-marbled meat as they have never been bred to be
working animals
“maternal breed” - cows are easy calvers, while the calves themselves are hardy,
vigourous and have a ‘will to live’ that gets them up and nursing quickly
Galloway
- red to roan or white and red spotted breed from Nort East of England
- popular due to its excellent milk production but yield sizeable meat.
Shorthorn
- red to roan or white and red spotted breed from Nort East of England
- popular due to its excellent milk production but yield sizeable meat.
Shorthorn
Breeding System
- Random Mating
- Inbreeding
- Crossbreeding
Mates are chosen by
chance. It is possible that either
inbreeding or outbreeding
could occur.
Random Mating
Mating of closely related individuals within a breed
to increase homozygosity and decrease heterozygosity
of the inbred
Inbreeding
Types of Inbreeding
- Close Breeding
- Line Breeding
- Strain Breeding
Mating of individuals from two or more established
purebreds
to increase heterozygosity and to take advantage of
hybrid vigor or heterosis
Crossbreeding
Types of Crossbreeding
- Systematic Crossbreeding
- Upgrading
Primary Sign of Estrous
- Standing to be mounted
Secondary Signs of Estrous
- Head mounting
- Chin resting
- Lip curling
- Sniffing
