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Nur 4410 Exam #1 > Unit III > Flashcards

Unit III Flashcards

1
Q

EDC (EDD)

A

estimated date of confinement/delivery

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2
Q

term gestation

A

38weeks

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3
Q

1st trimester

A

Last menstrual period - 13weeks

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4
Q

2nd trimester

A

13-28weeks

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5
Q

3rd trimester

A

38-40weeks

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6
Q

prenatal period

A

day became pregnant - baby is born

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7
Q

a partnership approach to health care decision making between health care decision making between health care provider and family (home birth, no drugs)

A

family-centered maternity care

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8
Q

GP

A

Gravida = # of pregnancies

Para (parity) = # of births (birth after 20wks at least)

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9
Q

GTPAL

A

Gravida = # of total pregnancies

Term = term deliveries (38wks)

Preterm deliveries (20-38wks)

Abortions = spontaneous, miscarriage, planned

Living Children = currently

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10
Q

woman whos never been pregnant

A

Nulligravida

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11
Q

woman who is pregnant for first time

A

Primigravida

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12
Q

woman who is or has been pregnant for at least a second time

A

multigravida

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13
Q

moment in pregnancy when the mother starts to feel or perceive fetal movements in uterus

A

quickening

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14
Q

mother times how long it takes for you to feel 10 distinct movements in 2hours

3rd trimester

A

“kick counts”

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15
Q

leopold’s maneuvers

A

determine positiuon of baby

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16
Q

nonmedical person, birth coach

A

doula

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17
Q

procedure where amniotic fluid is removed from uterus for testing or treatment

often done on women 35 and older

A

amniocentesis

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18
Q

amniocentesis determines:

A
  1. fetal lung development
  2. hemolytic disorders
  3. infection in amniotic fluid
  4. interuterine environment
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19
Q

sympathetic pregnancy, partner experiences some of same symptoms and behaviors as mother

A

couvade syndrome

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20
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

prenatal test, chorionic villi is removed from placenta for testing

10-12 wk gestation only

results in 2weeks usually

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21
Q

chorionic villus sampling (CVS) detects:

A
  1. chromosomal abnormalities
  2. DNA testing
  3. **Cystic fibrosis
  • does not test for neural tube deffects
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22
Q

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)

A

examines blood to detect chromosome abnormalities and blood disorders

can put plts, blood in whle doing procedure

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23
Q

PUBS detects:

A
  1. fetal anemia
  2. iron deficiency
  • after 17weeks
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24
Q

Triple Marker Screening test:

A
  1. AFP
  2. HcG
  3. Estridol
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25
Q

Quad marker screening

A

also screens level of inhibin A

better test for down syndrome

26
Q

Triple marker screening detects:

A
  1. Spina bifida
  2. down syndrome

15-20th week

27
Q

Non-Stress Test (NST)

A

monitor fetus HR

normal 20 min (15/15)

Fetus <32weeks (10/10)

28
Q

Amniotic fluid index (AFI)

A

estimate of amniotic fluid and is an index for the fetal well being

normal (8-18)

29
Q

AFI of <5

A

Olighydramnious = higher association with fetal mortality

30
Q

AFI of >20-24

A

polyhydraminus = neural tube defects, fetal malformations

31
Q

Components of Biophysical profile (BPP):

A
  1. nonstress test
  2. fetal breathing mvmt
  3. fetal mvmt
  4. fetal tone
  5. determination of amniotic fluid volume
32
Q

BPP reasurring values:

A

8-10

33
Q

BPP non-reasurring values:

A

6 or less

34
Q

Naegele’s Rule

A

1st day of LMP - 3months + 7days

35
Q

reported (subjective) symptoms of being pregnant from mother

A

Presumptive

36
Q

breast enlargement in pregnancy is due to:

A

increase in estrogen

milk glands increase in size

37
Q

physiologic anemia in pregnancy is due to:

A

hemodilution takes place during the first and second trimester as plasma volume increases disproportionately to red cell mass

38
Q

is probably a physiologically adaptive mechanism to prevent post partum hemorrhage. Pregnancy changes the plasma levels of many clotting factors, such as fibrinogen, which can rise up to three times its normal value. Thrombin levels increase. Protein S, an anticoagulant, decreases

A

hypercoagulability

39
Q

happen in pregnancy because the pregnancy hormone progesterone causes the muscular walls of the veins (blood vessels) to relax.

Gravity and your growing baby put pressure on the veins in your pelvis and on the large blood vessels. Veins have valves that stop the blood that is returning to your heart from flowing backwards. When these valves don’t work properly the blood vessels become congested with the extra blood. The walls of the vein start to stretch and sag and the vein swells, making it visible under your skin.

A

edema, varicose veins, hemorrhoids

40
Q

These changes may be triggered by hormonal changes during pregnancy, which stimulate a temporary increase in your body’s production of melanin, the natural substance that gives color to hair, skin, and eyes. Sun exposure plays a role, too.

A

skin color changes during pregnancy

41
Q

may be caused by rapid weight gain and/or genetics

A

stretch marks (striae gravidarum)

42
Q

nasal membranes swell when a large amount of estrogen is in the body.

With blood volumes increasing up to 40%, the nose will have more than its share of blood.

A

nasal/sinus congestion in pregnancy

43
Q

Hormonal and mechanical changes increase the risk of urinary stasis and vesicoureteral reflux. These changes, along with an already short urethra (approximately 3-4 cm in females) and difficulty with hygiene due to a distended pregnant belly, increase the frequency of

A

urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnancy

44
Q

pregnancy hormones stimulate your kidneys to expand and produce more urine, which helps your body get rid of extra waste more quickly. And as your baby gets bigger and bigger, his weight may press on your bladder, so you’ll need to go more frequently.

A

increased urine output in pregnancy

45
Q

Your gums are more likely to become inflamed during pregnancy in part because of hormonal changes that make them more sensitive to the bacteria in plaque.

A

gingivitis in pregnancy

46
Q

An increase in the hormone progesterone during pregnancy contributes to this by slowing the waves of muscle contractions that move food down the digestive tract. Digestion is slowed so that nutrients have more time to be absorbed in order to supply the developing fetus. As the uterus grows larger and presses on the lower bowel, this can also add to this.

second semester

A

constipation in pregnancy

47
Q

When the stomach’s contents, including stomach acid, back up into the tube that brings food to the stomach (the esophagus), it can cause a burning sensation at the level of your heart.

second trimester

A

heartburn in pregnancy

48
Q

High levels of estrogen can cause the cholesterol levels in bile to spike, which can lead to the development of these.

A

gallstones in pregnancy

49
Q
  • Steady, increasing pain in the upper right portion of your abdomen, especially after eating a fatty meal
  • Pain between your shoulder blades or under your right shoulder
  • Abdominal pain that lasts more than five hours
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fever or chills
  • Yellowing skin (jaundice)
  • Stools that are clay-colored
A

symptoms of gallstones

50
Q

refers to the side-to-side movement that occurs with normal forward ambulation.

A

waddle gait in pregnancy

51
Q

Higher levels of hormones called androgens are at least partly responsible for these because they can prompt the sebaceous glands in your skin to get bigger and boost production of an oily substance called sebum.

A

increase in acne in pregnancy

52
Q

low blood sugar. If you feel nauseated or battle with morning sickness so often that it interferes with the amount of food you eat

in some women, the hormonal changes that accompany pregnancy interfere with the way your body uses insulin, another hormone. Those hormonal changes may also create hypoglycemia-like symptoms, so it’s important to see your doctor for an official diagnosis.

A

hypoglycemia in pregnancy

53
Q

Risks of hyperglycemic mother:

A
  1. birth defects
  2. macrosomia
  3. neonatal hypoglycemia
  4. still birth
54
Q

a bacteria found commonly in genital and rectal tracts of females (30-40%) Mom will be treated with antibiotics during labor to prevent transmission to baby

diagnosed 35-37wks

A

Group B beta Strep (GBBS)

55
Q

given to pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh- and baby that is Rh+ to keep the baby’s blood from interacting with mother

Prevents moms blood from being sensitized by babys Rh+ blood and in turn producing antibodies that cross placenta and destroy babys blood and allows mom to have a second baby (possible Rh+)

A

RhoGam

given during her 28th week and 72 hours after giving birth

56
Q

can be objectively be assessed by practitioner

(linea nigra, urine or blood test, melasma-pregoface, chadwicks, Goodells sign)

A

Probable

57
Q

fetal heart beat (4-6wks ultrasound)

Physician palpates movements

A

positive sign of pregnancy

58
Q

bluish discoloration of the vaginal mucosa due to increase in blood flow

A

Chadwicks sign

59
Q

examined by papation of uterus, looking for softening of tissues

A

Goodell’s sign

60
Q

how often do you see your doctor during first and second trimester

A

once per month

61
Q

how often do you see your doctor during third trimester?

A

every two weeks

62
Q

What is the leading cause of infant death and mortality rates?

A

congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities

Nur 4410 Exam #1 (4 decks)

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