Unit II assesment

Question 1

Why is data essential tool for MCH

Answer 1

• assess and quantify needs
• define the size and scope of a public health problem
• define disparities
• monitor progress or lack of progress
• describes associations between things
• evaluate policies and programs

Question 2

generic types of measurement used

Answer 2

ratios
proportions
rates

Question 3

Basic descriptive data

Answer 3

summarizing what is already known in the academic world

Question 4

Definition of Ratio

Answer 4

the value obtained by dividing 1 quantiy by another. numbers do not need to be related

Question 5

Example of ratio

Answer 5

observed/expected
-40 cases observed and 20 cases expected
- Ratio of observed cases to expected is 40/20 or 2
-“There were 2 times as many AIDS cases in Country A
during June than was expected.”

Question 6

Proportions

Answer 6

division of 2 related numbers. The numerator is a subset of the denominator. Often expressed as a percentage

Question 7

Example of proportions

Answer 7

From June – August, 1000 blood samples were collected among ICU
patients at AMC. One hundred and twenty of them were positive for
HIV.
Number of samples (n) = 1000
Positives (x) = 120
x/n = 120/1000 = 0.12 or 12% “Twelve percent of intensive care
patients were infected with HIV.”

Question 8

Rates

Answer 8

division of 1 number by another in which time is an essential part of the denominator

Question 9

Example of Rates

Answer 9

The speed limit is 65 miles per hour
17.1 deaths per 10,000 live births
Rates

Question 10

Why are measures important

Answer 10

they provide the frequency of a disease or condition.
- associations between exposures and health outcomes
- strength of the relationship between an exposure and a health outcome

Question 11

Prevalence

Answer 11

the number of existing cases/total population at the time

Question 12

Why do we critque information?

Answer 12

-Not all published research is scientifically sound
- results have have little support for their validity and may reflect a bias
- there is no perfect study

Question 12

Incidence

Answer 12

number of new cases/total number of population at the time

Question 13

why is research in MCH needed

Answer 13

• asses health needs and explore determinants of the health status and health care utilzation
• develop cost-effective intervention approaches
  -evalute MCH programs and polices
  -advocate to inform the choices of the public and policy makers
  -guide the dissemination of knowledge

Question 14

What does data visualization help with

Answer 14

helps data to be translated into easily communicated information to diverse and specific audiences
- help to make sense of the complex and technical infomation

Question 15

Examples of data visualization

Answer 15

graphs, charts, timeliness, infographics, geographic information systems, dynamic visualizations

Question 16

What is evidence -based public health

Answer 16

the development, implementation,, and evaluation of effective programs and policies in public health through application of principles of scientitfic reasoning including systematic uses of data and information systems and appropriate use of behavioral science theory and program planning models

Question 17

Why evidence based practice

Answer 17

• to get the best outcomes
• to make most efficient use of limited resources
• to provide rational for choosing a partiucular course of action
  to support investments in evaluation

Question 18

EXamples of evidence based practice

Answer 18

• discontinuin programs that have been shown not to work
  -limiting use if grant funds to only proven evidence based prograns

Question 19

efficacy

Answer 19

based on a very carefully controlled study under lab or tighlty controlled study conditions– can it work

Question 20

effectiveness

Answer 20

does it work, cosiders real world variables