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ECON1005 (Statistics) > Unit II > Flashcards

Unit II Flashcards

1
Q

What is a frequency distribution?

A

A tabular form of data collection that gives the values it takes, and now often it takes them (frequency).

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2
Q

True or false: frequency distributions can be used for both qualitative/ categorical data and quantitative data.

A

True

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3
Q

What is labeled on the horizontal axis and vertical axis of a bar graph / chart?

A

Horizontal axis: labelled with the value of the variable.
Vertical axis: labelled with the frequency of the variable ( numbers/percentage).

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4
Q

What do the height of the bars of a bar chart represent?

A

Frequency

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5
Q

Do the bars touch on a bar chart?

A

NO

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6
Q

What makes a bar chart categorical?

A

The data does NOT need to appear in any given order.

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7
Q

True or false: A pie chart is suitable when respondents give more than just one answer.

A

False

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8
Q

What do the slices of a pie chart represent?

A

The slices correspond to the frequency of each possible response; it usually represents the proportion or percentage.

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9
Q

What are 3 types of graphical representation of QUANTITATIVE variables?

A
  1. Stemplots/stem and leaf plots
  2. Histograms
  3. Cumulative frequency ogives
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10
Q

What do stemplots show?

A
  1. The shape of the data.
  2. The actual values in the dataset.
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11
Q

What are the two main steps in plotting a stem and leaf plot?

A

Step 1: sort the data inn either ascending or descending order.
Step 2: separate each number into Stem and leaf.

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12
Q

What would be the stem and leaf of 7?

A

Stem (tens): 0
Leaf (units): 7

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13
Q

What would be the stem and leaf of 10?

A

Stem (tens): 1
Leaf (units): 0

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14
Q

What would be the stem and leaf plot of 321?

A

Stem (tens): 32
Leaf (units): 1

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15
Q

What do the horizontal and vertical axes of a histogram represent?

A

Horizontal axis: shows a continuous range of values for the variables.
Vertical axis: shows the frequency corresponding to the different bins.

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16
Q

Do the vertical bins of a histogram touch?

A

YES

17
Q

Why don’t the bars of a bar chart touch, and why do the bins of a histogram touch?

A

Bar graphs show a singular value per bar, therefore resulting in a break between each value (space between the bars). The histogram however, shows a continuation in each value, so where one value ends, another can start, which is why the bins are attached.

18
Q

What makes a histogram ordinal?

A

The values shown are a continuation of each other, therefore the order in which they’re organized matters.

19
Q

True or false: the variables graphed in a histogram are quantitative while the variables graphed in a bar chart are categorical/qualitative.

A

True

20
Q

What is the difference between the stemplot and histogram?

A

Both graph quantitative variables but the stemplot is used for smaller datasets, while the histogram is used for larger datasets; less than 30 values - stemplot, over 30 values - histogram

21
Q

What is a cumulative frequency ogive?

A

A type of line graph that is constructed from frequency distributions.

22
Q

What are the 2 types of cumulative frequency ogive?

A
  1. Less than cumulative frequency ogive
  2. More than cumulative frequency ogive
23
Q

What is a less than cumulative frequency ogive?

A

From there, you can determine how many responses or what percentage of responses are LESS than a specific value; usually begins with zero and ends with the total sample size.

24
Q

What is a more than cumulative frequency ogive?

A

From these, you can determine how many responses or what percentage of responses are MORE then a specific value; usually begins with the total sample size, and ends with zero.

25
Q

What do the horizontal and vertical axes of a cumulative frequency ogive represent?

A

Horizontal axis: shows a continuous range in values for the variables.
Vertical axis: shows the frequency (# or %), corresponding to the frequencies (# or %) that are less than/more than a specific value.

26
Q

What does the frequency distribution of a variable give?

A

It gives the possible values it takes and how often frequency or percentage); frequency distributions can be used for grouped and ungrouped data.

27
Q

What is a class?

A

[Usually the first column] which shows the value which can be included in each row of the table.

28
Q

What are the class limits?

A

The lowest possible value that can be in included in a class (lower class limit), and the highest possible value that can be included in a class capper class limit); specifically relates to grouped frequency distribution.

29
Q

What are the class boundaries?

A

The numbers that separate each class.
(For example, it is the same principle that carries over when you look at two parishes, and they are separated by a border)

30
Q

What is the class mark?

A

This is the middle of each class, and it is calculated by taking the average of the class limits.

ECON1005 (Statistics) (3 decks)

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