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JOUR101 > UNIT I EXAM > Flashcards

UNIT I EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Model of Communication

A

A source (the sender) encodes a message, sends the message through a channel to a receiver, receiver decodes the message and sends feedback to the source.

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2
Q

Form of Communication

A
  1. Intrapersonal - communication within yourself
  2. Interpersonal - One on One or to a small group, not always face to face not always verbal
  3. Group - One to a larger group
  4. Mass - One to many, traditionally one way, feedback is delayed and indirect, source is anonymous
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3
Q

Inferential Feedback

A

Inferred feedback (ratings)

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4
Q

Things that disrupt communication

A
  1. Noise - Internal (thoughts and distractions in your mind) and External (physical noise)
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5
Q

Linear model of communication

A
  1. Senders (authors, senders, publications)
  2. Message (programs, ads)
  3. Channel (TV, Books, Papers)
  4. Receivers (viewers, consumers)
  5. Feedback (message of receivers goes back to the senders)
  6. Gate Keepers (editors, executive producers, media managers)
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6
Q

Mass Communication

A

A process, not a thing
The process of designing and delivering cultural messages to diverse audiences through media channels, both old and new (ex. trump cultural message = America is shit and I’m change)

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7
Q

Mass Media

A

The means by which the process is done (channel of communication)

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8
Q

Culture

A

Symbols of expression, complexes of learned behaviors, patterns, and perceptions for individuals to make sense of daily life

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9
Q

Ritual Model

A

Not the act of imparting information but the representation of shared beliefs, why audience members consume media (ex. the bachelor - ritual of watching it with friends)

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10
Q

Publicity Model

A

Media message draws attention to a person, event or concept (ex. Janet Jacksons Nipple)

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11
Q

Reception Model

A

No Message can be interpreted as one single meaning because the receivers have difference backgrounds and opinions (ex. American Sniper)

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12
Q

Mass Comm Evolution is…

A

Historical development of media through several eras, all of which function because older means of communication do not go away, they evolve

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13
Q

Eras in Communication

A
  1. Oral/Written - spans thousands of years, oral rituals (traditions)…stories were only passed down by the wealthy elite and powerful
  2. Printed Communication - The Printing Press. With the printing press came a rise in literacy, a middle class and a resistance to authority and sense of individualism
  3. Electronic Communication - Industrial revolution, telegraph, telephone, radio, TV (was so popular because it all sense come together)
  4. Digital Communication - 80’s and 90’s (after the invention of the internet)
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14
Q

Media Convergence

A

Developments in the electronic and digital eras ushered in media convergence, which describes all the changes currently occurring in media content within media companies (ex. Disney, ATT)

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15
Q

Fake News

A
  1. Pure Fake News - People making shit up (someone believes it somewhere because it applies to them)
  2. Hoax Sites - Fake websites to get you to give something over (money, id etc..)
  3. Satirical Sites - Sites like the Onion

Point of Fake News is to get a reaction, make you do something and entertainment

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16
Q

Post Truth

A

Denoting circumstances of truth because we feel that we already know the truth

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17
Q

Most News is not simply fake because…

A
  1. Journalists get stuff wrong
  2. Stories may not offer full truth
  3. Stories in process lack wisdom of hindsight and miss the context
  4. Stories may tell small part of larger story at the moment of publish
  5. While some admit bias, others do not
  6. Media is left or right leaning
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18
Q

All media is….

A

Constructed and must be asked who created it (reliable source), what is its purpose (inform or persuade), and what assumptions and beliefs do the creator have?

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19
Q

To find who created it…

A
  1. Interrogate URL
  2. Back to the source
  3. About me pages
20
Q

Media is always after…

A

Money and determines who is shown in a certain light

21
Q

Media Literacy

A

Is not being able to use a platform but using tools to filter and get real news

22
Q

Mass Comm Research

A

About the media and audience (model = Media – Effect – Audience)
Started being studied in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s (ex. Hitler and War on Worlds)

23
Q

Mass Comm Theories

A
  1. Hypodermic Needle/Magic Bullet Theory- Instance effect because the media is direct, uniform and powerful and the audience is passive (model = Media – Effect – Passive Audience)
  2. Selective Exposure Theory - Active audience selectively choose what we expose ourselves to (model = Audience – Media, Media, Media etc…)
  3. Uses and Gratification Theory - Audience exposes themselves to the media based on the gratification they receive from it (funny interesting, thought provoking)
  4. Selective Engagement/Processing - Each individual varies in how much attention they devote to each media message (model = Audience (what we create) – Media (what we engage in) – Audience (what happens when were face to face) (ex. Beauty standard)
  5. Dual Process of Persuasion Theory - Model = Identity&Needs – Media Selections – Processing – Application – Indentity&Needs
24
Q

Social Comparison

A

Beauty Standard, varies person to person, how much a person compares themselves to media messages

25
Q

Reactance

A

Being told to do something and have the opposite effect of making someone do the opposite (ex. parents telling you to clean your room)

26
Q

An individual’s media selections are determined by their…

A

identity (family, friends, personality, social class etc..) and needs (affection, control, belonging etc…)

27
Q

Cognative Effect

A

What do you know today?
Activities of thinking, learning and understanding
Depends on the motivation level of the person consuming the media (those who want to learn vs. those who want to be entertained)
Meets the surveillence function

28
Q

Surveillence Function

A

The news and information role of mass media, warning surveillence, helpful instramental surveillence

29
Q

Interpreting Function

A

Discussion and Opinion (ex. black men in Milwuakee)

30
Q

Attitudinal and Behavioral Effects

A

What do you feel about this product (ex. Coke)

31
Q

Socialization Function

A

Transmit values in a society

32
Q

Psychological and Physiological Effect

A

Media content can inspire emotions and physical reactions

33
Q

Entertainment Function

A

Psychological and physiological effects

34
Q

Diversion Function

A

Stimulation, relaxation, release

35
Q

TIPICUP

A

T(imely)- just happened or will happen soon (just because everyone knows doesnt make it not timely and just because it is happening doesnt make it news)

I(mpact)- scope/magnitude of something that has happend (more people it effects, the larger the impact ex. election)

P(roximity) - Two kinds of proximity, emotional (college gun laws) and geographical (royals winning)

I(nterest) human - interest to you that makes it news

C(onflict) - among people, groups, ideas, cultures, values and beliefs.

U(nusual) - weird or wacky, emotional response of WTF?

P(rominence) - social prevelnce and influence, prominence isnt just people (ex. Beyonce and apple)

36
Q

Values in Journalism

A

6 W’s - hoW, what, why, when, where, who

37
Q

Laws

A

What we must do

38
Q

Ethics

A

What we should do

39
Q

Libel Law

A
  1. Identification (person, discression)
  2. Publication (3rd person, publicly)
  3. Defamation (harmful)
  4. Actual Injury/Proving Damages (consequences to the decression)
  5. Falsity (discression is false)
    ex. Jimmy Johns Subway
40
Q

Rights in 1st Ammendment

A
  1. Assembly
  2. Free Press
  3. Religion (some consider establishment of religion another right)
  4. Speech
  5. Petition
    5 freedoms, 6 clauses
41
Q

Censorship

A

Directed and content not actions
When the government stops you from expression
The government cannot tell the editor to put in journal, the owner can

42
Q

Clear & Present Danger

A

When the government can step in (something real bad will happen real soon) (ex. war plans)

43
Q

Obscenity

A

Work as a whole is patently offensive and offends community standards, lacks artistic, political or scientific value, based on content only

44
Q

Abridgement

A

Content orientation in very limited circumstances, otherwise government can limit time, place and manner (TPM) (ex. baptist church on campus)

45
Q

Indecency

A

Over the air public broadcasting, sexual activity, bodily functions.

46
Q

Copyright

A

Identifying and granting ownership of expression, does not protect ideas, life span +70 years then becomes public domain

47
Q

Fair Use

A
  1. Limited noncommercial use (homework)
  2. Limited portions of a work use (news story)
  3. Use that doesnt decrease commercial value (Tivo)
  4. Use in the public interest (for good of society)

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