Unit I

Question 1

motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression is via branches of?

Answer 1

facial nerve C.N. VII

Question 2

Sensory innervation to the face is via branches of?

Answer 2

Trigeminal nerve (C.N. V)

Question 3

What are the major branches of trigeminal nerves and where do they distribute?

Answer 3

Ophthalmic Nerve- face and scalp
Maxillary nerve- cheek and the area lateral to the orbit
Mandibular Nerve- chin and temporal region

Question 4

Ophthalmic nerve subdivides into what branches?

Answer 4

supraorbital
supratrochlear
external nasal
infratrochlear
lacrimal

Question 5

Maxillary nerve subdivides into what branches?

Answer 5

zygomaticotemporal
zygomaticofacial
infraorbital

Question 6

Mandibular Nerve subdivides into what branches?

Answer 6

auriculotemporal
buccal
mental

Question 7

What is trigeminal neuralgia (tic doloureaux)?

Answer 7

• a condition characterized by sudden attacks of severe pain occurring in an area of sensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve
• often due to touch
• cause is unknown
• spinal trigeminal nucleus extends down to C4 and is involved with pain reception from the face

Question 8

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Doloureaux) is most commonly found in? Second most? and Least common area?

Answer 8

most- maxillary division
2nd common- mandibular division
least- ophthalmic division

Question 9

Sensory innervation of the posterior aspect of the neck and scalp is from?

Answer 9

posterior (dorsal) primary rami of C.N. 2 to 4

Question 10

Sensory innervation that supplies the occipital region is?

Answer 10

Greater Occipital Nerve (posterior Primary Ramus of C2)

Question 11

Sensory nerve that supplies the upper part of the back of the neck is called?

Answer 11

Third Occiptal Nerve (posterior Primary Ramus of C3)

Question 12

Sensory nerve that supplies the lower part of the back of the neck is called?

Answer 12

Posterior primary Ramus of C4

Question 13

sensory innervation of the anterior and lateral aspect of the neck is from?

Answer 13

Anterior (ventral) primary rami of cervical nerves 2 to 4

Question 14

What is formed by the anterior primary rami of C1, C2, C3, and C4?

Answer 14

cervical plexus

Question 15

What cranial nerve supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the upper limb?

Answer 15

C5, C6, C7, and C8

Question 16

What supplies the lateral part of the occipital region, posterior to the ear?

Answer 16

Lesser Occipital Nerve (C2)

Question 17

What nerve supplies the angle of the mandible, and the area inferior to the ear and what does it accompany with?

Answer 17

Great Auricular Nerve (C2, C3)

-accompanies with external jugular vein

Question 18

What supplies the anterior surface of teh neck (throat)

Answer 18

transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3)

Question 19

What supples the later surface of the neck and what is its subdivision?

Answer 19

Supraclavicular Nerve (C3, C4)

-medial, intermediate, and lateral supraclavicular nerve

Question 20

Cervical Plexus carries motor fibers to what muscles? What do these motor fibers arise from?

Answer 20

• infrahyoid (strap) muscles

- ansa cervicalis

Question 21

What are the parts of the Ansa Cervicalis

Answer 21

superior root and inferior root

Question 22

Ansa Cervicalis supplies what?

Answer 22

three of the four infrahyoid muslces: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid

Question 23

The fourth infrahyoid muscl, thyrohyoid, is innervated by what?

Answer 23

C1 fibers through the hypoglossal nerve

Question 24

Where does the phrenic nerve originate from?

Answer 24

C3, C4, and C5

Question 25

Where does the phrenic nerve innervate? (motor and sensory)

Answer 25

``` motor= diaphragm sensory= some of the membranes of the thorax and abdomen ```

Question 26

Where could the phrenic nerve be found?

Answer 26

in the neck lying on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle. It runs vertically down the muscle and into the thorax

Question 27

Platysma's orgin

Answer 27

superficial fascia over the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

Question 28

Platysma's Insertion

Answer 28

lower border of the mandible and the angle of the mouth

Question 29

Platysma's Nerve

Answer 29

Cerivical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 30

Playtsma's function

Answer 30

depresses the mandible and draws down the corner of the mouth

Question 31

Sternocleidomastoid Origin

Answer 31

sternal head from the front of the manubrium, clavicular head from the medial third of the clavicle

Question 32

Sternocleidomastoid Insertion

Answer 32

lateral surface of mastoid process, lateral half of the superior nuchal line

Question 33

Sternocleidomastoid nerve

Answer 33

accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 34

Sternocleidomastoid function

Answer 34

cheif flexor of the head

Question 35

What is Torticollis (wryneck)

Answer 35

- pathological contraction of SCM | - The head is tilted toward, and the face turned away from the affect side

Question 36

What are the types of torticollis and describe them.

Answer 36

- congenital torticollis: results from a fibrous tissue tumor which develops at or shortly before birth - muscular torticollis= due to birth injury - spasmodic torticollis= occurs in adults and is due to abnormal tonicity.

Question 37

Trapezius origin

Answer 37

external occipital protuberance, ligamentumnuchae, and the spinous processes of the 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae

Question 38

Trapezius insertion

Answer 38

the lateral third of the clavicle, spine of the scapula, and the acromion process

Question 39

trapezius nerve

Answer 39

accessory nerve (CN XI) and C3 and C4 from the cervical plexus

Question 40

trapezius function

Answer 40

the upper portion elevates, the middle portion retracts, and the lower portion depresses the scapula

Question 41

What does the external jugular vein drain?

Answer 41

face and scalp (contains large amount of cerebral blood)

Question 42

Where does the external jugular vein empty in to?

Answer 42

subclavian vein

Question 43

What are the tiributaries of the external jugular vein?

Answer 43

``` retromandibular vein posterior auricular posterior external jugular anterior jugular transverse cervical suprascapular ```

Question 44

What is the clinical note of the prominent external jugular vein

Answer 44

when venous plexus is normal, the external jugular vein is invisible, or nearly - in congestive heart failure, or obstruction of the superior vena cava, it becomes very prominent throughout its length - opera singers and bagpipe players develop prominent external jugular veins due to increase intrathoracic pressure during singing or practice

Question 45

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

Answer 45

anterior: the posterior border of SCM posterior: the anterior border o f the trapezius inferior: the superior border of the middle third of the clavicle

Question 46

What is the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Answer 46

Superior: the inferior border of the mandible Anterior: the anterior midline posterior: the anterior border of the SCM