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PNS Exam I > Unit I > Flashcards

Unit I Flashcards

1
Q

divisions of the nervous system (structural)

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

central nervous system includes

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

peripheral nervous sytem includes

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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4
Q

how many cranial nerves are there

A

12 pairs, that attach directly to the brain

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5
Q

cranial nerves contain two nuclei

A

nucleus of origin and nucleus of termination

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6
Q

how many spinal nerves are there

A

31 pairs (mixed)

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7
Q

how are spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord

A

via ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) rootlets

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8
Q

what does the dorsal root contain

A

dorsal root ganglion

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9
Q

what does each spinal nerve split into

A

a ventral (anterior) primary ramus and dorsal (posterior) primary ramus

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10
Q

subdivisions of the nervous system (functional)

A

somatic and visceral (autonomic)

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11
Q

somatic consists of what fibers

A

afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibers

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12
Q

what neurotransmitter is released in somatic

A

Ach by skeletal muscle

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13
Q

what does autonomic consist of

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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14
Q

what does visceral (autonomic) control

A

vital body functions; glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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15
Q

what does sympathetic supply

A

heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, blood vessels and arrector pili

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16
Q

how many neurons does sympathetic use

A

two

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17
Q

describe the sympathetic neurons

A

short preganglionic; releases Ach

long postganglionic; releases NE

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18
Q

what cord levels is sympathetic part of

A

T1 & L2/L3

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19
Q

what is sympathetic described as

A

fight or flight; emergency

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20
Q

what nerves are associated with sympathetic

A

splanchnic nerves (sacral)

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21
Q

what does the parasympathetic supply

A

heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, fewer blood vessels, and arrector pili

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22
Q

how many neurons does the parasympathetic use

A

two

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23
Q

describe the parasympathetic neurons

A

long preganglionic; release Ach

short postganglionic; release Ach

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24
Q

what nerves are associated with parasympathetic

A 
C. N. (3, 7, 9, 10) & S2-S4
splanchnic nerves (pelvic)
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25
Q

what is parasympathetic defined as

A

return to normalcy

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26
Q

what is the first cranial nerve

A

olfactory

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27
Q

is olfactory sensory or motor

A

special sensory - smell

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28
Q

where do fibers travel through in olfactory nerve

A

cribiform plate

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29
Q

where do olfactory fibers synapse

A

olfactory bulb

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30
Q

what are olfactory neurons called

A

bipolar neurons

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31
Q

what is the second cranial nerve

A

optic

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32
Q

is optic sensory or motor

A

special sensory - vision

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33
Q

where do fibers from the retina converge

A

optic disc

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34
Q

where do fibers travel in optic

A

carried in the optic nerve, chiasma, and tract

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35
Q

where do fibers travel to in optic

A

lateral geniculate bodies

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36
Q

what is the third cranial nerve

A

oculomotor

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37
Q

is oculomotor motor or sensory

A

motor; somatic and parasympathetic

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38
Q

what does oculomotor supply

A

5 somatic muscles and 2 visceral (smooth) muscles

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39
Q

what two smooth muscles does oculomotor supply

A

ciliary and sphincter papillae

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40
Q

fourth cranial nerve

A

trochlear

41
Q

is trochlear sensory or motor

A

somatic motor

42
Q

what does trochlear supply

A

superior oblique

43
Q

superior oblique action

A

down and out (abduct)

44
Q

fifth cranial nerve

A

trigeminal

45
Q

Is the trigeminal nerve sensory or motor?

A

mixed; somatic motor and sensory

46
Q

What is the nickname for the trigeminal nerve?

A

great sensory nerve of the face

47
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve innervate?

A

orbit, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, ear, and internal skull

48
Q

What branches does the trigeminal nerve give off?

A

opthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary

49
Q

What unique quality is the trigeminal known for?

A

being the largest cranial nerve

50
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve send motor supply to?

A

muscles of mastication

51
Q

What is the sixth cranial nerve?

A

abducens

52
Q

Is the the abducens nerve motor or sensory?

A

somatic motor

53
Q

What muscle does the abducens nerve innervate?

A

lateral rectus

54
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

A

move eye laterally

55
Q

What is the seventh cranial nerve?

A

facial nerve

56
Q

Is the facial nerve sensory or motor?

A

mixed; motor - somatic and parasympathetic & sensory - somatic and special

57
Q

What is the nickname for the facial nerve?

A

nerve of facial expression

58
Q

What does the facial nerve carry?

A

taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

59
Q

What muscles does the facial nerve supply?

A

muscles of facial expression including stylohyoid and stapedius

60
Q

What glands are part of the facial nerve?

A

lacrimal and salivary glands

61
Q

What is the eighth cranial nerve?

A

vestibulocochlear

62
Q

Is the vestibulocochlear nerve sensory or motor?

A

special sensory - hearing and equilibrium

63
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve receive sensory information from?

A

cochlea and vestibule

64
Q

What is the ninth cranial nerve?

A

glossopharyngeal

65
Q

Is the glossopharyngeal nerve sensory or motor?

A

mixed; motor - branchiomotor and parasympathetic & sensory - somatic, special and visceral

66
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve carry?

A

taste information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

67
Q

What is the motor supply of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

to the stylopharyngeus

68
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

to the parotid gland

69
Q

What is the tenth cranial nerve?

A

vagus

70
Q

What is the nickname of the vagus nerve?

A

the wanderer

71
Q

Is the vagus nerve motor or sensory?

A

mixed; motor - branchiomotor and parasympathetic & sensory - somatic, special and visceral

72
Q

What is the unique quality of the vagus nerve?

A

longest cranial nerve

73
Q

What is the motor supply of the vagus nerve?

A

pharyngeal constrictors

74
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the vagus nerve?

A

bronchi, heart, and GI tract from esophagus to distal 1/3 of the transverse colon

75
Q

What is the eleventh cranial nerve?

A

spinal accessory

76
Q

Is the spinal accessory motor or sensory?

A

motor

77
Q

What does the spinal accessory nerve contain?

A

cranial and spinal parts

78
Q

What does the spinal accessory nerve supply?

A

cranial part - muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and palate

spinal part - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

79
Q

What is the twelfth cranial nerve?

A

hypoglossal

80
Q

Is the hypoglossal nerve motor or sensory?

A

motor

81
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve supply?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

82
Q

What are the two types of neurons in the somatic motor pathway?

A

upper and lower motor neurons

83
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the upper motor neurons located?

A

pyramidal - cerebral cortex (B.A. 4,6,8)

extrapyramidal - brainstem (red nucleus, lateral vestibuli)

84
Q

What do upper motor neurons descend through?

A

corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri

85
Q

Where do upper motor neurons cross?

A

in the pyramids

86
Q

Where do upper motor neurons descend after crossing?

A

in the lateral corticospinal tract

87
Q

Where do upper motor neurons synapse?

A

the anterior horn (R.L. VII) of the gray matter

88
Q

What do pyramidal neurons do?

A

initiate movement

89
Q

Where are the cell bodies of lower motor neurons located?

A

in anterior horn of the corn (R.L. IX)

90
Q

Where do lower motor neurons exit the cord?

A

anterior (ventral) rootlets

91
Q

Where are lower motor neurons carried?

A

in named nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscles

92
Q

How many neurons does the somatic sensory pathway use?

A

three

93
Q

Where are primary sensory neuron cell bodies located?

A

in the dorsal root (spinal) ganglion

94
Q

Where do primary sensory neuron cell bodies convey information?

A

from a receptor to the CNS

95
Q

Where do primary sensory neurons synapse?

A

in the spinal cord; fibers in the posterior columns synapse in the MO

96
Q

Which somatic sensory neuron decussates?

A

secondary

97
Q

Where do secondary somatic sensory neurons convey information to?

A

the thalamus

98
Q

Where do tertiary sensory neurons relay information to?

A

cerebral cortex (post central gyrus)

99
Q

Where is sensory information integrated?

A

in the cerebral cortex (post central gyrus, primarily)

PNS Exam I (1 decks)

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