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PSYC 251 > Unit I > Flashcards

Unit I Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 forces determine direction of flow of ions across neuron membrane?

A

Concentration gradient and electrical potential gradient

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2
Q

For every I ATP consumed by a Na/k+ ion pump, what happens?

A

Pumps 2 k+ ions in, and 3 Na+ ions out of the cell

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3
Q

Hxperpolarization

A

Occurs when inhibitory potentials are introduced to the cell (negative energy potentials) results in the cell s energy potential going below -70mv

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4
Q

Depolarization

A

Occurs from excitatory potentials (positive), causing the cells potential energy to increase above -70mv

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5
Q

What is the threshold potential? In mv

A

About -55 mv

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6
Q

What is the peak membrane potential reached duringan aation potential

A

About 100mv above resting, so about +30mv

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7
Q

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA

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8
Q

Primary excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Glutamate

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9
Q

How fast are post synaptic potentials?

A

Fast ones range from 1-10 Ms, and slow ones from 100ms up to multiple mins.

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10
Q

Where in the neuron does The PSP trigger an action potential?

A

Axon hillock

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11
Q

Glial cell functions

A

Support, insulation,protection, activity regulation,and supplying neurons with nutrients

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12
Q

CNS and PNS structural support glia

A

CNS: astrocytes
PNS: satellite cells

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13
Q

Astrocytes / satellite cell functions

A

Structural support for neurons, create the blood-brain barrier,provide nutrients to neurons, help with reuptake of neurotransmitters

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14
Q

CNS and PNS insulation glia

A

CNS: oligodendrocytes
PNS: Schwann cells

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15
Q

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cell function

A

Wraps axons in myelin

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16
Q

Which glia help to produce cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal

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17
Q

Ependymal cell function

A

Helps produce und circulate cerebrospinal fluid

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18
Q

CNS glia that digest cellular debris (phagocytosis)

A

Microglia

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19
Q

Microglia (CNS)

A

Digests cellular debris via phagocytosis

20
Q

PNS somatic division functions

A

Voluntary motor control, somatosensory (skin-to-brain) sensation

21
Q

PNS autonomic division functions

A

Regulates involuntary functions,(heart, lungs,glands, etc)

22
Q

Sympathetic system

A

‘Fight or flight’,ups blood flow to muscles, ups heart rate, dilates pupils,inhibits digestions

23
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

‘rest and digest’, facilitates digestion, homeostasis

24
Q

Meninges

A

Covers the entire CNS, protecting it and anchoring it

25
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Fluid circulating in CNS ventricular system which provides buoyancy, chemical stability, und clearing waste

26
Q

Ventricles

A

CSF filled spaces in the CNS

27
Q

At which end does the spinal cord widen with white matter and why?

A

Axons travelling to all parts of the brain must leave the brain via the brain stem, which means the rostral and end of the spinal cord is thicker

28
Q

Dorsal vs. Ventral roots

A

Dorsal root carries sensory (afferent) information toward CNS, ventral root carries motor information away from CNS to muscles

29
Q

Forebrain subdivisions and components

A

Telencephalon [basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebral cortex] Diencephalon [thalamus, hypothalamus]

30
Q

Midbrain subdivision and components

A

Mesencephalon [superior and inferior colliculi, motor nuclei]

31
Q

Hindbrain subdivisions and components

A

Metencephalon [pons, cerebellum] Myelencephalon [medulla]

32
Q

Medulla function

A

Controls basic subconscious functions like breathing, bpm, blood pressure, etc.

33
Q

Pons functions

A

Balance, taste, swallowing

34
Q

Pons functions

A

Balance, taste, swallowing

35
Q

Midbrain parts & functions

A

Superior colliculus: vision, eye-movements
Inferior colliculus: hearing response
Substantia Nigeria: reward based learning center

36
Q

Cerebellum functions

A

Motor control, posture, coordination

37
Q

Hypothalamus functions

A

Body temp, hormone release, hunger, thirst, sleep (homeostasis)

38
Q

Thalamus functions

A

Sensory - motor hub and relay

39
Q

Basal ganglia functions

A

Voluntary movement and motivation/aversion (reward based)

40
Q

Amygdala functions

A

Emotion and fear regulation, and long-term episodic memory

41
Q

Hippocampus functions

A

Spatial navigation, and long-term memory

42
Q

Major Surface Sulci and locations

A

Longitudinal fissure [down center of brain], central sulci [bilateral, separate frontal lobes from parietal lobe], lateral/Sylvian fissure [separates temporal from other lobes]

43
Q

Major subsurface sulci

A

Cingulate sulcus [mimics shape of corpus callosum] calcarine sulcus [bottom of occipital lobe]

44
Q

What defines each Brodmann area from each other?

A

Cytoarchitecture [ thickness of outer layer of cortex cells]

45
Q

Circle of Willis function

A

Artery layout which allows for blood flow to the brain even in the case of clots below the circle

PSYC 251 (2 decks)

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