UNIT I Flashcards
Living systems demonstrate a unique and complex organizational structure of macromolecules. Give the four major categories of these biological macromolecules
nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
What is considered the basic units of living systems?
Cells- we can isolate cells from an organism and cause them to grow and to multiply under laboratory conditions
Reproduction at any hierarchical level features an increase in _______
numbers- genes replicate to produce new genes, cells divide to produce new cells, organisms reproduce sexually/ asexually to produce new organisms
Heredity or Variation : Faithful transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
heredity - descendants resemble their parents to varying degrees but are not identical, there may be errors in DNA replication/chromosomal changes ,
Heredity or Variation: Production of differences among traits of different individuals
variation
interaction of heredity and variation makes organic evolution possible. if variation were uncontrolled by heredity, there will be a lack in stability
What is the biomolecule that encode structure of protein molecules needed for organism development?
nucleic acids , for animals, DNA stores genetic information- sequences of bases in DNA and the sequence of amino acids in a protein is the genetic code
Cellular respiration occurs in what part of the cell?
Mitochondria -powerhouse- respiration- acquisition of energy
What is the study of metabolic functions from biochemical to the organismal level?
physiology
Defined as the characteristic changes that an organism goes from its origin to its final adult.
Development
Growth- increase in size
Give the most distinctive characteristic of animals as a group. How to distinguish plants and animals?
Animal’s means of nutrition -eats other organisms
Photosynthesis- plants, and rigid cell walls.
Darwinism theory that states that the living world is neither constant nor perpetually cycling, but is always changing, with continuity
a. perpetual change
b. multiplication of species
c. gradualism
d. perpetual change
perpetual change -basic theory of evolution
Darwinism theory that states that species that share common ancestry have more similar features at all levels than do species whose most recent common ancestor occur early in history.
a. multiplication of species
b. common descent
c. gradualism
d. perpetual change
common descent- all forms of life descended from a common ancestor through branching of lineages
Darwinism theory that states differences in anatomical traits that characterize species originate through the accumulation of many small incremental changes over long periods of time
a. perpetual change
b. natural selection
c. common descent
d. gradualism
gradualism- gradual evolution is preferred, genetic changes at very large effects on organismal form are harmful to the organism
Darwinism theory that is based on variation among organism for anatomical, behavioral, and physiological traits, variation is partly heritable so offsprings tend to resemble parents, and organisms with variants, are expected to reproduce.
a. perpetual change
b. natural selection
c. common descent
d. gradualism
natural selection- over many generations, favorable new traits will spread throughout a population which leads to new organismal characteristics and new species. - explains why organisms are constructed to meet the demands of their environment ( adaptation)
Water has high specific heat capacity, high surface tension and high heat of vaporization. What type of chemical bonding underlie these properties
Hydrogen bonds.
High heat capacity of water moderates environmental temperature changes , high surface tension can create ecological niche for insects, low viscosity allow movement of blood and salts dissolve easily.
