Unit Four Flashcards
What did Walt Rostov create?
Stages of economic growth which has five categories that countries can be placed in.
What are the five categories of economic growth?
Traditional Society, Pre-conditions for Takeoff, Economic Takeoff, Drive to Maturity, High mass consumption
What is traditional society?
- Subsistence (survive on what you produce) economy - output not traded or recorded
- Existence of barter (I have eggs you have beef lets trade)
- High levels of agriculture and labor intensive agriculture
What is Pre - Conditions for take off?
- Development of mining industry
- Increase in capital use in agriculture
- Necessity of external funding
- Some growth in savings and investment
Eg. Suriname or Togo today
Use of capital equipment can help increase productivity and generate small surplus which can be traded
- Advancement in technology, machinery, mining, etc.
What is Economic takeoff?
- Increasing industrialization
- Further growth in savings and investment
- Some regional growth
- Number employed in agriculture declines
- Agriculture moves from subsistence to commercial
Increasing urbanization
Eg. Bolivia, Vietnam, Argentina, Bulgaria
At this stage, industrial growth may be linked to primary industries. The level of tech required will be low
*Europe took off during this stage at an early time setting them ahead
What is drive to maturity?
- Growth becomes self-sustaining - wealth generation enables further investment in value adding industry and development
- Industry more diversified
- Increase in levels of technology utilized
- About 50-60 years after take off
- Canada 1950s and 60s
Eg. Malasica, poland
As the economy matures technology plays a big role in developing high value added products
What is high mass consumption?
- High output levels
- Mass consumption of consumer durables
- High protection of employment in service sector
Eg. Canada 1950’s to present
Eg. Singapore, south Korea
Service industry dominates the economy - banking, insurance, finance, marketing, entertainment, leisure and so on
What type of correlation is between the five stages of economic growth and demographic transition model
Strong
What are theories failure to thrive?
Landlocked countries, Guns germ and steel
What are the disadvantages of landlocked countries?
Trade affected
- Must pay other countries money to import/export things through other countries
- Relationships with coastal countries is important, this will impact if they let you trade through
- Depend on neighbours infrastructure, what if they are too poor to have a port of railway, what if in a civil war
Need more resources and infrastructure to adapt to the harsher difference in weather
What is the background to the Guns, Germs, and Steel Theory?
Europe was the first place to develop sophisticated civilizations, and “won the race”
In order to become a civilization must go from hunting and gathering to farming
- Gives you a surplus of food to do other things ie. start military
You need high car and vegetation so that it is able to be stored for during the winter
- Climate must be dry
Native animals that allowed domestication
Europe had all these things which allowed them to be successful
What are the guns?
argues Europe has a landmass oriented east-west which enables trade, food ideas, and land cultivation. Transmission of knowledge was easy as the conditions were similar across the landmass.
- The first places to get soldier classes
- Can learn other things when not farming
What is the germs?
fact europeans had all of the docile animals they live in close quarters with lead to them catching diseases from them
- European settlers then were immune to things such as smallpox
- Concurred communities across the world knowing they wouldn’t be immune
What is the steel?
the absence of natural resources can further develop. - - Forced Europe to discover coal which led to them being able to make things like steel and steam.
This was all by luck
What is balkanization?
The fact that countries are so bulknize forces places to develop
They have competition from immediate neighbours meant that governments couldn’t afford to suppress economic and technical progress for lon; if they didn’t correct their mistakes they were out competed and or conquered relatively quickly
Conflict can force development and bureaucracy
Summarize Gun, germs, and steel
Agriculture gave the guns
European native animals gave germs
Climate and lack of resource gave steel
What did WW1 cause?
spurred Canada development, caused people to move off the farms and into factories
Lack of what types of development can cause a country to be unable to grow and develop?
Intellectual
Political
Economic
Religious
Cultural
Why does gender inequality impact development?
Some places in the Arab world have the lowest development of freedom, many women just started driving cars and working
As gender inequality decreases development increases
Strong correlation between high GDP and low gender inequality
Why is liberal democracy seen as the best ideology?
Individuals all equal, these countries have prospered the most. Globalization lifts everyone.
What is colonialism?
the establishment of a colony in one territory through political power from another territory and the subsequent maintenance, expansion and exploitation of that colony
What is the world of empires?
Many other european countries established their own colonies
- European powers developed immense empires (france and great britain)
- Europe took over first as they developed fastest
- Europe small, lacked resources needed them from elsewhere lead to colonization
- US took over cuba and Japan took control in Korea and CHina
