unit final Flashcards
Chapter 1
The times of change.
Define:
All words
Feudalism
It was how middle ages society was structured. It consisted of the Top of the pyramid- King Second from top- Nobles, Bishops Second from bottom- Knights Bottom- Peasants.
Freemen
A freemen was usually a person who was not a slave or under the king’s service. A freemen was a person who paid for their land and worked on them.
Middle ages
Lasted from 5th to the late 15th century.
Serfs
A person who was bound to feudalism
Society
the structure in which a group of people organize themselves.
Tithe
It is a payment usually of a portion of their crops or their earnings.
What was the hierarchy of the middle ages?
The hierarchy of the middle ages was the feudal system.
How did society in the middle ages affect what people were able to do?
Peasants or serfs were bound to the feudal system which limited them of what they can do. The Serfs were under the control of the Lord of the manor. There were even Sumptuary laws that controlled how people spent their money.
What was the chain of events that took place at the end of the middle ages?
The Failure of the holy war, the rediscovery of Aristotle, the black death, power to the people, the fall of Constantinople.
What was the role of men in the middle ages?
Males dominated feudal society they made most of the decisions and women were treated more like property.
What was the role of women in the middle ages?
They were in charge of taking care of kids or household work and they were usually not educated well.
Who or what dictated what people could do based on the society of the Middle Ages
Their rank and the people above them. The church since everybody feared God everyone followed what the church did.
What is the hierarchy of the Middle Ages church and what was each group responsible for?
Pope- his duty was to decide the matters of spiritual importance and the official doctrines of the Church. Cardinals - In charge of the churches in the big cities. Archbishops - An archbishop was a bishop who oversaw several dioceses besides his own. Bishops - Ran a large church in a large city. - Parish priests - They helped with baptism, marriage, and education.
What events had an impact on how the people changed their views on the church?
The black death - People started believing that God would not do this and started to have second thoughts about the church. AKA people were led to believe that only the bad ones would die but then the good people started dying also.
Chapter 2
The expansion of ideas.
Define
The following
City-state
They are an independent city-state that is the center of politics and economics.
Hinterland
The area around a city where crops are grown.
ciompi
Wool carders revolted because they wanted to form their own guild but were denied because it would drive the cost of clothes.
Usury
The act of charging interest with a loan and it was viewed negatively because it was considered a sin by many people.
Republic
Power is held by the people and their representatives.
What was the Renaissance?
A rebirth of thinking or a change of perspectives.
What was the worldview of Europeans at the end of the Middle Ages?
The worldview at the end of the Middle Ages was one of strict following of religion. The structure of society was ordained by God rulers were chosen by God. The good life was earned in this life and had in the afterlife.
What did the people in Europe want from the East and why was there a demand for these goods?
The people in Europe wanted many things from the east that included jewels, rugs, fabrics(silk), muslin, taffeta, and satin. But out of all of these things, the most sought out one was spices because they improved the European food in terms of taste.
Using the map on page 44 why was Constantinople such an important city for trade routes?
Constantinople was the easiest way to get from west to the east and was also close to a large body of water which made transporting goods even easier.
How did the physical geography of Renaissance Europe affect trade and competition among European countries?
There were a lot of mountains in between European countries from looking at the map on page 45. Since there were a lot of mountains it was harder to trade in different cities so competition was always constant and very competitive.
What factors lead to the emergence of powerful city-states (i.e., Florence, Venice, Genoa)?
talian city-states were very powerful because of their location(Geography) Italy was the closest to North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean sea where lots of spices and other goods were available for trade. Climate - The climate of Italy was considerably warmer than up north(Alps) which meant trade and growing crops were constant because it was not interrupted by bad weather. Leadership - Italy was not a Monarch(not being led by a king or queen) instead it was made up of many city-states and they had their own government and military.
