Unit Exam 1 Flashcards
Is ageing and natural process?
Yes
Aging is a course of biological reality which starts and ends at what?
Starts at changes and ends with death
At what age is considered equivalent to retirement age and it is said to be the beginning of old age
Age of 60
The beginning of old age
60 years old
It is characterized by progressive and Broadly predictable changes that are associated with increased susceptibility to many diseases
Aging
What are the factors affecting age related changes
-Environmental factors
-Genetic factors
-Psychosocial factors
-Lifestyle choices
CARDIOVASCULAR:
What doesn’t Change with age unless there is cardiac disease
Heart size
CARDIOVASCULAR:
These changes decrease myocardium contraction and thus decrease cardiac output
High collagen, low elastin changes in heart muscle
CARDIOVASCULAR:
In heart muscle, the heart is
Decreased/low
Decline in left ventricular compliance provides an increased workload on the atria, resulting in hypertrophy of the atria
Atria
TRUE OR FALSE
The end of life deserves as much beauty, care, and respect as the beginning
True
6 Cs according to Simone Roach
Compassion
Competence
Conscience
Confidence
Commitment
Comportment
It is when An older adult face in a situation That require an immense amount of tender and focused care to treat their chronic illness which is incurable or in an advanced stage 
End of life
TRUE or FALSE
The old age is not without problems
True
TRUE or FALSE
People age differently
True
Is concerned primarily with the changes that occur between maturity and death and with the factors that influence these changes. It addresses the social and economic effects Of an aging population and the Physiological And psychological aspects of aging to learn about the aging process and possibly minimize disabilities
Gerontology
Deals with prevention and treatment of diseases once assumed to be in evitable in the elderly
Geriatrics
Focuses on the care of aging people
Geriatrics
Is the actual study of the aging process
Gerontology
A nurse who has specialization in geriatrics or in the care of old people is called
Geriatric nurse or gerontological nurse
A discipline of nursing and scope of nursing practice where it involves nursing advocating for the health of older adults at all levels of prevention
Gerontological Nursing
The scope of a gerontological nurse
From the time of old age until death
This is related to the disease process of old age and it aims at keeping old person’s at the state of self dependence as far as possible and to provide facilities to improve their quality of life
Geriatric care
It is the time related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility
Aging/Ageing
Is a normal process of time related change begins with birth and continuous throughout life
Ageing
Classifications of aging:
Aging is a universal process that begins at birth and is specified by the chronological age criterion
Objectively
Classifications of aging
Aging is marked by changes in behavior and self perception and reaction to biological changes
Subjectively
Classifications of aging
Aging refers to the capabilities of the individual to function in society
Functionally
Five types of aging
Chronologic
Biologic
Psychologic
Social
Cognitive
Refers to the actual amount of time a person has been alive
Chronologic aging/Chronological age
Chronological age
Young old
Middle old
Old old
Elite old
Young old: 65-74
Middle old: 75-84
Old old: 85-100
Elite old: Over 100
Also called senescence is the gradual deterioration of function characteristic
This aging is also known as physiologic aging
Biological aging
Refers to the physical changes that slow us down as human get into middle and older years
Example: arteries might clog up, or problems with Longs might make it more difficult for us to breathe
Biological aging
Refers to the psychological changes, including those involving mental functioning and personality, that occur as human age
Psychologic aging
May also be seen as a continuous struggle for identity
Psychologic aging
Is the decline in cognitive processing that occurs as people get older
Age related impairments In reasoning, memory and processing speed can arise during adulthood and progress into the elder years
Cognitive aging
Refers to any Filipino citizen who is a resident of the Philippines, and who is 60 years old and above. It may apply to senior citizens with dual citizenship status provided they prove their Filipino citizen ship and have at least six months residency in the Philippines
Senior citizen or elderly
Observations of family members, friends, neighbors, and your own experience with older adults
Media like newspapers, film industry, commercials in magazines and on TV
Attitudes towards aging
The majority of old people past 65 years have Alzheimer’s disease
False
As old people grow older their intelligence declines significantly
False
It is very difficult for older adults to learn new things
False
Personality changes with age
False
Memory loss is a normal part of aging
True
As adults grow older, reaction time increases
True
Clinical depression occurs more frequently in older people than younger people
False
Older adults are at risk for HIV/AIDS
True
Alcoholism and alcohol abuse or significantly greater problems in the adult population over age 65 than that under age 65
False
Older adults have more trouble sleeping than younger adults do
True
Older adults have the highest suicide rate of any age group
False
High blood pressure increases with age
True And false
Older people perspire less, so they are more likely to suffer from hyperthermia
True
All women develop osteoporosis as they age
False
A persons height tends to decline in old age
True
Physical strength declines in old age
True
Most old people lose interest in and capacity for sexual relations
False
Bladder capacity decreases with age, which leads to frequent urination
True
Kidney function is not affected by age
False
Increased problems with constipation represent a normal change as people get older
False
All five senses tend to decline with age
True
As people live longer, They face fewer acute conditions and more chronic health conditions
True
Retirement is often detrimental to health example people frequently seem to become ill or dies soon after retirement
False
Older adults are less anxious about death then are younger and middle aged adults
True
People 65 years of age and older currently make up about 20% of the US population
False
Most older people are living in nursing homes
False 
The modern family no longer takes care of its elderly
False
The life expectancy of man at age 65 is about the same as that of women
False
Social Security benefits automatically increase with inflation
True
Living below or near the poverty level is no longer a significant problem for most older Americans
False
Most older drivers are quite capable of safely operating a motor vehicle
True
Older workers cannot work as effectively as younger workers
False
Most old people are set in their ways and unable to change
False
The majority of old people are bored
False
In general, most old people are pretty much alike
False
Older adults have higher rates of criminal victimization than adults under 62 do
False
Older people tend to become more spiritual as they grow older
True
Older people do not adapt as well as younger age groups when they relocate to a new environment
False
Older people are much happier if they are allowed to disengage from society
False
Research has shown that old age actually begins at 65
False
A negative attitude toward aging or older adults
Ageism
Established the division of geriatric nursing practice in 1966 with a goal to create standards for quality nursing care for the aged
ANA
The standards and scope of dermatological nursing practice were developed in
1969 by ANA
What term replaces the term geriatric nursing in the 1970s
Gerontological nursing
Are the core business of healthcare representing the majority visits, hospital admissions, and long-term care residents
Older adults
What year where older persons are expected to outnumber children under age 10
2030
How much of the worlds older persons live in the developing regions where their numbers are growing faster than in the developed regions
2/3
The country consist of approximately 103 million inhabitants, with less than 5% of the population 65 years and older
Aging in the Philippines
Life expectancy of Filipinos
Males: 57.4 years
Females: 63.2 years
Stage where below 7% of population is aged 65 or older
Young
Stage where 7 to 13% of population is aged 65 or older
Aging
Stage where 14 to 20% of population is aged 65 or older
Aged
Stage where more than 21% of population is aged 65 or older
Super aged
The inevitable Increase in the share of older persons
Population ageing
Why is there a sudden increase in life expectancy for older adults
-Advancement in medical care:
Advancement in disease control and health technology
Implementation of preventive health services
-Lower infant and child mortality rates
-Improved sanitation
-Better living conditions

The anticipated increase in terms of decline fertility after the baby boom will reach age 65 is called both a
Demographic tidal wave and a pig in a python
Impact of the baby boomers
-Referred as a demographic tidal wave
-Government
-Increasing effects on health care
-Impact: Referred as a demographic tidal wave
Gerontological nurses must consider the realities of the baby boomers
-They are in formed consumers of healthcare and desire a highly active role in their care
Their blended families may need special assistance due to the potential caregiving demands
Is the source of payment for many of the services older adults need
Impact: Government
Impact: Government
-Has higher rates of hospitalization, surgery, and physician visits
-Less than 5% of older adults is in a nursing home, assisted living community or other institutions
-Society will face an increasing demand for the provision of and payment for services For this growing population
Impact: Increasing effects on Health Care
-Increased incidences of cancer, dementia, and heart disease
-Increased number of falls
-Increased incidences of diabetes and obesity
-Increase disability

Impact of aging members in the family
-Emotional effect
-Financial effects
-Structural effect
-Physical effect
-Positive effect
Common emotions: guilt for not being able to do more for parents; anger for having to set aside your own needs or shift your priorities, and fear and anxiety Including anticipatory grief and fear of financial strain
Emotional effect
Caring for aging parents often means extra costs related to home health care, medical expenses not covered by insurance and extra insurance premiums for services such as long-term care
Financial effect
When you live with your aging parents or assume a high amount of daily care for them, you experience a change in your family roles
Structural effect
Prioritizing parents care can Is there pain and worry but might impact your health
The time and effort of keeping up with the parents care means you may visit your doctors less, resulting in and diagnosed problems or conditions getting worse
Physical effect
”Our thoughts frame our emotional state”
When you care for aging parents, you might feel as if you are in a rut
This in turn affects your family life, and creating an environment of bitterness and resulting in more criticism and complaining
Positive effect
Biological theories of aging
-Genetic theories of ageing
-Non-genetic theories of ageing
Who is the person who had the search for the extension of youth has lead some people to seek the potions of conjurers, Often more poisonous than beneficial
Ponce de Leon
The theory refers to the idea that aging is a biological function that serves an evolutionarily purpose and is controlled by a biological clock or program. It explains that each cell has a genetically programmed aging code that is stored in the organisms DNA and is described as comprising genetic influences that predict the physical condition, the occurrence of disease, cause an age of death, and other factors that contact tribute to longevity. 
Biological theories of aging
View aging a certain pre-determined, time phenomena. These hypothesize that aging is predator mend by program to sell changes, as well as alterations in the Neuroendocrine and immune system
Non-stochastic theories
Who said that aging is more likely to be an evolved beneficial characteristic and results from a complex structured process is not a series of random events
Goldsmith (2004)
What are the non-stochastic theories
-Programmed theory
-Immunologic/autoimmune theory
-Neuroendocrine theory
-Gene/biological clock theory 
This theory asserts that aging and death are necessary parts of evolution and not of biology
Examples of these theories are the endocrine theory, programmed senescence theory, and immunological theory
Programmed theory
Immune system is programmed to decline over time, leading to increased vulnerability to infectious disease and thousand aging and health
Immunological theory
Fury were aging is a biological function that serves an evolutionarily purpose and is controlled by a biological clock or program. It explains that each cell has a genetically programmed aging code that is stored in the organisms DNA and is described as comprising genetic influences that predict the physical condition, the occurrence of disease, cause and age of death, and other factors that contract tribute to longevity
Gene/Biological Clock Theory
Theory where aging occurs randomly and persistently with time, through random error, free radicals, cross links, clinkers, and wear and tear
Stochastic theory
A theory where process with in the body involve several complexities which makes some errors possible. Such mistakes might happen at any time during DNA sequencing or protein synthesis 
Random error theory
Aging is believed to be caused by the accumulation of errors in the cell molecules
Random error theory
Byproduct of normal cell function. When cells create energy they also produce on stable oxygen molecules.
Aging is caused by accumulation of damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species
Free radicals theory
Substances found in plants soak up free radicals like sponges and are believed to minimize free radical damage if your body has plenty of antioxidants available
Antioxidants
The effects of aging our cost by progressive damage to cells in the body system overtime. Essentially, our bodies wear out due to use
Wear and tear theory
Chemical changes like this happen in your body and can lead to aging. The process is slow and complicated. But overtime more and more proteins, DNA and other structural molecules in the body develop inappropriate attachments, called cross links, to one another
Cross linkage theory
The skin loses the ability to retain moisture and become dry and scaly
Xerosis
Melanocytes cluster are form areas of deepened pigmentation causing brown spots called
Senile lentigo
