Unit D1 - Disgestion

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

(CHO) hexagon rings - saccharides + end in -ose

Question 2

Lipids

Answer 2

(CHO) triglycerides - glycerol + fatty acids

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

(CHON) amino acids

Question 4

Nucleic Acids

Answer 4

(CHONP) nucleatides

Question 5

Ana- prefix

Answer 5

build up

Question 6

Cata- prefix

Answer 6

break down

Question 7

Polymer

Answer 7

chain of macromolecueles/monomers

Question 8

Systhesis or Anabolism

Answer 8

Condensation or Dehydration

Question 9

Decomposition or Catabolism

Answer 9

Hydrolysis (water splitting)

Question 10

Glucose

Answer 10

main monosaccharide - isomer of fructose

Question 11

Fructose

Answer 11

simple sugar found in fruit - isomer of glucose

Question 12

Galactose

Answer 12

simple sugar found in dairy

Question 13

Ribose

Answer 13

genetic sugar, helps make RNA

Question 14

Deoxyribose

Answer 14

genetic sugar, helps make DNA

Question 16

Sucrose

Answer 16

glucose + sucrose

Question 17

Maltose

Answer 17

2 glucose

Question 18

Lactose

Answer 18

glucose + galactose

Question 19

Polysaccharides

Answer 19

glycogen, starch, cellulose

Question 20

Benedicts Test

Answer 20

simple monosaccharides turn from blue to orange

Question 21

Starch Test

Answer 21

iodine and complex sugars turns blue-black

Question 22

Uses of Lipids

Answer 22

• energy storage
• cell membranes
• hormones and vitamins
• cholesterol
• protection of organs

Question 23

Saturated Lipids

Answer 23

stright - no double bonds - more solid

Question 24

Unsaturated Lipids

Answer 24

at least 1 double bond - bent - more liquid

Question 25

Translucence test

Answer 25

lipids turn unglazed brown paper translucent

Question 26

Sudan IV

Answer 26

lipids turn black granular form to pink-red

Question 27

Triglyceride

Answer 27

3 fatty acids

Question 28

Phospholipids

Answer 28

2 fatty acids with a phosphate

Question 29

Cholesterol

Answer 29

Steriod (ring of carbon) - no fatty acids, strengthens cell membranes Low Density Lipoproteins (LDLs) are bad High Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) are good

Question 30

Proteins

Answer 30

amino acids joined by peptide bonds (polypeptides) identified by side chain (R-group)

Question 31

Protein Primary Structure

Answer 31

sequence of amino acids

Question 32

Protein Secondary Structure

Answer 32

folds or coils (Helix or Pleated Sheet)

Question 33

Protein Tertiary Structure

Answer 33

further folding

Question 34

Protein Quaternary Structure

Answer 34

the arrangement of multiple proteins

Question 35

Biuret test

Answer 35

proteins turn from dark blue to pinkish purple

Question 36

Co-factors

Answer 36

inorganic ions

Question 37

Co-enzymes

Answer 37

organic molecules

Question 38

Allosteric Activity

Answer 38

change in an enzyme by a molecule

Question 39

Hydrochloric Acid

Answer 39

kills bateria in the stomach and activates pepsin

Question 40

Pepsis

Answer 40

Pepesinogen + HCl turns into pepsin, breaks down long proteins

Question 41

Gastrin

Answer 41

hormone in stomach that signals digestion

Question 42

Duodenum

Answer 42

1st part of small intestine, mostly digestion

Question 43

Jejunum

Answer 43

2nd part of small intestine, mostly absorbtion

Question 44

Ileum

Answer 44

3rd part of small intestien, lst of absorbtion

Question 45

Secretin

Answer 45

in the duodenum - triggers the secretion of enzymes from the pancreas

Question 46

Trypsin + Chymotrypsin

Answer 46

digests proteins - enterokinase activates trypinogen, trypsin activate chymotrypsinogen

Question 47

Amylase

Answer 47

breaks down carbs - in saliva and intestine

Question 48

Bile

Answer 48

breaks down fat, triggered by cholecystokinin (CKK)