UNIT D - Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Gas exchange between the atmosphere and the body cells

Question 2

Where is the gas exchange in breathing?

Answer 2

Air (atmosphere)/lungs

Question 3

Where is the gas exchange in external respiration?

Answer 3

Lungs/blood

Question 4

Where is the gas exchange in internal respiration?

Answer 4

Blood/body cells

Question 5

Where is the gas exchange in cellular respiration?

Answer 5

Within the body cells

Question 6

What are the 3 functions of the nasal passages? How?

Answer 6

Warm air (by blood vessels)
Moisten air (by mucus)
Clean air (by cilia)

Question 7

What is the pharynx?

Answer 7

The throat, shared space for food and water before the epiglottis

Question 8

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 8

Flap of tissue covering the trachea that separates food from air

Question 9

What is the larynx?

Answer 9

Passage between pharynx and trachea. Includes the vocal chords/folds

Question 10

What is the trachea?

Answer 10

The windpipe, made of cartilage and leads air to the bronchi

Question 11

What are the bronchi?

Answer 11

Dual air passages into the lungs, contain cartilage

Question 12

What are the bronchioles?

Answer 12

Finer tubes extending from the bronchi, made of smooth muscle

Question 13

What are the alveoli?

Answer 13

Air sacs off of the bronchioles, filled with capillaries and the site of external respiration

Question 14

Gas exchange occurs by diffusion, which is…

Answer 14

Movement from high concentration to low concentration

Question 15

The right lung has ________ lobes, the left has _________ lobes. Why?

Answer 15

3, 2. Left has one less to make space for the heart

Question 16

What is the pleural membrane?

Answer 16

Double layered membrane lining the lungs. Fluid layer in between to reduce friction and allow lungs to expand and contract

Question 17

diaphragm __________ and moves _________ during inhalation

Answer 17

contracts, down

Question 18

diaphragm __________ and moves ___________ during exhalation

Answer 18

relaxes, up

Question 19

What is the movement of the rib muscles/cage during inhalation?

Answer 19

Up & out

Question 20

What is the movement of the rib cage/muscles during exhalation?

Answer 20

In & down

Question 21

More space = ________ presssure

Answer 21

Less

Question 22

During inhalation, volume ___________ and pressure __________.

Answer 22

Increases, decreases

Question 23

During exhalation, volume _________ and pressure __________.

Answer 23

Decreases, increases

Question 24

what is tidal volume?

Answer 24

The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath

Question 25

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 25

The additional volume of air that can be inhaled

Question 26

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 26

The additional volume of air that can be exhaled

Question 27

What is vital capacity?

Answer 27

Breathing that can occur with a deep breath

Question 28

What is residual volume?

Answer 28

The amount of air that remains in the lungs, preventing lungs from collapsing

Question 29

By what process(s) does respiration occur by?

Answer 29

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion

Question 30

Which way does oxygen diffuse?

Answer 30

Alveolus --> bloodstream Bloodstream --> cell

Question 31

Which way does carbon dioxide diffuse?

Answer 31

Cell --> bloodstream Bloodstream --> Alveolus

Question 32

How is oxygen transported in the blood? What percentage?

Answer 32

99% by hemoglobin 1% dissolved in plasma

Question 33

How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood? What percentage?

Answer 33

23% by hemoglobin 7% by plasma 70% by dissolving in the blood - forms bicarbonate ions (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Question 34

Name the structures in order which oxygen travels through.

Answer 34

Nasal passages/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, bloodstream, body cells.

Question 35

Upper respiratory tract infections?

Answer 35

Tonsillitis (infection of tonsils) Laryngitis (inflammation of larynx)

Question 36

Other respiratory tract infections?

Answer 36

Bronchitis (inflammation of bronchi, acute or chronic) Pneumonia (alveoli inflammation and fill with fluid) Pleurisy (irritation of pleural membrane) Emphysema (chronic, alveoli breakdown and lose elasticity) Cystic Fibrosis (genetic, thick and sticky mucus in lungs) Asthma (sudden bronchi + bronchiole inflammation) Lung cancer Carbon monoxide poisoning