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Biology 20 > Unit D: Human Systems > Flashcards

Unit D: Human Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Three different types of carbs?

A
  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Disacccharides
  3. Polysaccharides
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2
Q

What are Monosaccharides composed of?

A

Glucose, Fructose and Galactose

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3
Q

What are Disaccharides composed of? And where do you find them?

A
  1. Maltose(2 Glucose) in germinating plants.
  2. Sucrose(1 Glucose and 1 Fruictose) from sugar cane.
  3. Lactose(1 Glucose and one Galactose) from Milk.
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4
Q

Polysaccharides can be _____ and ______

Based.

A

Plant and Animal Based

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5
Q

What is a animal based polysaccharide consist of?

A

Glycogen

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6
Q

What is a Plant based Polysaccharide consist of?

A

Starch and Cellulose(Glucose)

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7
Q

Are Vitamins Organic or Inorganic?
Follow up…
Are Minerals Organic or Inorganic?

A

Vitamins are Organic.

Minerals are Inorganic.

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8
Q

What do Lipids also known as Fat consist of?

A

Phospholipid and Triglycerides

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9
Q

Triglycerides are composed of…

A

Glycerol and…

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10
Q

What are the 6 essential nutrients the body needs to survive?

Any order.

A
  1. Vitamins
  2. Minerals
  3. Lipids
  4. Proteins
  5. Carbohydrates
  6. Nuclaic Acid
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11
Q

What does Benedict’s solution help identify?
What colour will it be if positive?
What colour will it be if negative (initial colour)?

A

Identifies Reducing sugars (Carbs)
+ = orange/ red
- = blue

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12
Q

What does Iodine help identify?
What colour will it be if positive?
What colour will it be if negative (initial colour)?

A

Identifies Starch
+ = blue/ black
- = yellow/ red/ brown

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13
Q

What does the Translucence test help identify?
What colour will it be if positive?
What colour will it be if negative (initial colour)?

A

Identifies Lipids
+ = Translucent
- = Opaque

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14
Q

What does the Biuret help identify?
What colour will it be if positive?
What colour will it be if negative (initial colour)?

A

Identifies Proteins
+ = Violet
- = Blue

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15
Q

What does Unsaturated mean?

A

Plant source- Contains Double bonds

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16
Q

What does Saturated mean?

A

Animal source- Contains No Double bonds

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17
Q

Where is Glycogen stored?

A

Liver and Muscles

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18
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Amino Acids

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19
Q

What are the different GOOD kinds of Fat/ Lipids?

A

Omega-6

Omega-3

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20
Q

What happens if you digest too much or to little proteins?

A

Too much= Kidney Failure

Too little= Kwashiorkor

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21
Q

When you are lacking Iron in the Hemoglobin what condition is this called?

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia.

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22
Q

What are Enzymes?

A

Proteins that speed up the chemical reaction in the body.

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23
Q

What is the lock and key model?

A

When an Enzyme has a place for the substrate to be known as an active site
It is a perfect fit hence the term lock (enzyme) and key (substrate) model

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24
Q

Give an example of a denatured (enzyme).

A

An enzyme is denatured at high temperatures.

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25
Q

What 4 factors affect Enzyme activity?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. pH
  3. Substrate concentration
  4. End product concentration
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26
Q

What are the parts of the digestive system in order?

Hint there’s 9

A
  1. Oral Cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Duodenum
  6. Small intestine
  7. Large intestine
  8. Rectum
  9. Anus
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27
Q

Which are known as Accessory organs?

A
  1. Gall bladder
  2. Liver
  3. Appendix
  4. Salivary Glands
  5. Pancreas
28
Q

What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?

A

Heart Attack: when the flow of blood is blocked due to Low density Lipids (LDL)
Cardiac Arrest: When the heart stops beating

29
Q

What are the 8 types of blood?

What kind of Transfusions can the host accept WITHOUT Agglutination (Blood Clots)?

A
  1. A+ = Only A+, A- or O-
  2. A- = Only A-, A+ or O-
  3. B+ = Only B+, B- or O-
  4. B- = Only B-, B+ or O-
  5. AB+ = Only A+, B+ or O-
  6. AB- = Only A-, B- or O-
  7. O+ = Only O+ or O-
  8. O- = Only O-
30
Q

What are the 19 parts of the Heart?

Not in order

A
  1. Superior Vena Cava
  2. Inferior Vena Cava
  3. Bicuspid
  4. Tricuspid
  5. Right Semi lunar valve
  6. Left Semi lunar valve
  7. Ascending Aorta
  8. Right Pulmonary Veins
  9. Right Pulmonary Arteries
  10. Left Pulmonary Veins
  11. Right Pulmonary Arteries
  12. Right ventricle
  13. Left ventricle
  14. Right Atrium
  15. Left Atrium
  16. Arteries
  17. Septum
  18. Apex
  19. Descending Aorta
31
Q

What is an Antigen?

A

Molecules that attach themselves to our Erythrocytes.

32
Q

What is an Antibody?

A

Proteins found in blood that

33
Q

What are the body’s lines of defense?

A

Skin protects bacteria from entering body.
Earwax stops bacteria from entering earlobe.
Cilia and respiratory track keep bacteria away from lungs.

34
Q

What is an example of a Parasite?

A

Head lice
Malaria
Giardia

35
Q

What is an example of a Virus?

A

Influenza

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS)

36
Q

What is the non medical term for bovine spongiform encephalopathy?

A

Mad cow Disease

37
Q

What is Eurythroblastosis Fetalus?

A

When the blood of the mom is incompatible with the blood of her child in the womb.

38
Q

What is the order of the respiratory system?

What are their functions?

A
  1. Nasal/ Oral cavity- Warms and moistens air.
  2. Pharynx- top of pharynx cleans air.
  3. Larynx- composed of 2 thin sheets of elastic ligaments called vocal cords.
  4. Trachea- Mucus traps debris that escape the hair in the nasal passage
  5. Bronchi- Also Known As Windpipe
  6. Bronchioles- The smaller branches of the Bronchi inside the lungs
  7. Alveoli- Where O2 and CO2 gas exchange
  8. Lungs- the location as to where gas exchange takes place.
39
Q

During respiration (Inhalation):

The muscles\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
The Diaphragm moves\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Intercostals move\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Volume in chest cavity\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Pressure in chest cavity\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Air moves\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A 
Contract
Down
Out and Up
Increases
Decreases
Inward
40
Q

During Respiration (Exhalation):

The muscles\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
The Diaphragm moves\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Intercostals move\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Volume in chest cavity\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Pressure in chest cavity\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Air moves\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A 
Relax
Up 
Down and in
Decreases
Increases
Outward
41
Q

What is the Diaphragm?

A

It is a dome like sheet of muscle that protects the thorax from the abdominal cavity.

42
Q

What are your Intercostals?

A

the tissue/ muscle in-between your ribs.

43
Q

What is Oxygen Transport?

A

Its when the Oxygen moves from the Alveoli into the blood and and dissolves in plasma.

44
Q

Is Oxygen the only gas carried in the Hemoglobin?

If not what are the scientific names?

A

No, Oxygen and Carbon dioxide. When oxygen is inside the hemoglobin it is called “Oxyhemoglobin” Whereas Carbon dioxide is called”Carbomimohemoglobin”.

45
Q

What is the percentage of Oxygen in our atmosphere?

A

21%

46
Q

What is the process of respiration?

A
  1. Breathing- how air enters and exits the lungs
  2. External respiration- The exchange of O2 and CO2 molecules in the lungs
  3. Internal Respiration- The exchange of O2 and CO2 molecules between blood and tissue fluids
  4. Cellular respiration- production of ATP
47
Q

Membranes are prevented from sticking by a_____________.

A

Film of Lipoprotein

48
Q

When you inhale Oxygen is the pressure increasing or decreasing and is the volume increasing or decreasing in your lungs?

A

Volume is increasing and Pressure is decreasing

49
Q

RANDOM FACTOID QUESTION!

How many muscles are in your body?

A

Over 600

WHAT?!

50
Q

Are the Skeletal muscles (Skeleton) voluntary or involuntary? How so?

A

Voluntary, when you move your muscles to do anything such as walk you are using your skeletal muscles to move.

51
Q

Are the Smooth muscles (walls of organs) voluntary or involuntary? How so?

A

Involuntary, You cant control when you digest your food. It happens all on its own!

52
Q

Is the Cardiac muscle (Heart) voluntary or involuntary? How so?

A

Involuntary, Your heart is constantly pumping blood to your whole body you can not just make your own heart stop beating.

53
Q

_______ attach bone to bone without damage.

A

Ligaments

54
Q

When you flex (contract) your bicep are your triceps relaxed or contracted?

A

Relaxed

55
Q

When you relax your biceps are your triceps relaxed or contracted?

A

Contracted

56
Q

What is the hierarchy of Muscle structure?

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Muscle-fiber bundle
  3. Muscle fiber
  4. Myofibrils
  5. Myofilaments
57
Q

What are the 2 types of Myofilaments?

A

Actin- thin filaments

Myosin- thick filaments

58
Q

What is the Anatomy of the Kidney?

Any order

A
  1. Renal Cortex
  2. Renal Medulla
  3. Renal Artery
  4. Renal Vein
  5. Renal Pelvis
  6. Ureter
59
Q

What is the Anatomy of the Excretory System?

Any order

A
  1. Inferior Vena Cava
  2. Descending Aorta
  3. Ureter
  4. Bladder
  5. Renal Artery
  6. Renal Vein
  7. Kidneys
  8. Urethra
60
Q

What is the Anatomy of the Nephron?

Any order

A
  1. Branch of Renal Vein
  2. Glomerulus
  3. Bowman’s Capsule
  4. Proximal Tubule
  5. Capillary Network
  6. Loop of Henle
  7. Distal Tubule
  8. Collecting Duct
61
Q

What is the order of blood purification in the Nephron?

A

Afferent Arteriole –>Glomerulus–>Efferent Arteriole

–>Peritubular Capillaries

62
Q

What is the order of when converted into urine?

A

Loop of Henle–>Distal Tubule–>Collecting Duct–>Ureter–>Bladder–>Urethra

63
Q

What is a simplified “Flow chart” of the Nephron to the Urethra?

A

Glomerulus–>Bowman’s Capsule–>Capsule Tubule–>Loop of Henle–>Distal Tubule–>Collecting Duct–>Ureter–>Bladder–>Urethra

64
Q

What 3 Functions do the kidneys have?

A
  1. Remove Waste Products
  2. Balance Blood pH
  3. Maintain H2O Balance
65
Q

What is ADH?

A

Anti Diuretic Hormone

Biology 20 (4 decks)

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