Unit D: Human Systems Flashcards
What are the Three different types of carbs?
- Monosaccharides
- Disacccharides
- Polysaccharides
What are Monosaccharides composed of?
Glucose, Fructose and Galactose
What are Disaccharides composed of? And where do you find them?
- Maltose(2 Glucose) in germinating plants.
- Sucrose(1 Glucose and 1 Fruictose) from sugar cane.
- Lactose(1 Glucose and one Galactose) from Milk.
Polysaccharides can be _____ and ______
Based.
Plant and Animal Based
What is a animal based polysaccharide consist of?
Glycogen
What is a Plant based Polysaccharide consist of?
Starch and Cellulose(Glucose)
Are Vitamins Organic or Inorganic?
Follow up…
Are Minerals Organic or Inorganic?
Vitamins are Organic.
Minerals are Inorganic.
What do Lipids also known as Fat consist of?
Phospholipid and Triglycerides
Triglycerides are composed of…
Glycerol and…
What are the 6 essential nutrients the body needs to survive?
Any order.
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Nuclaic Acid
What does Benedict’s solution help identify?
What colour will it be if positive?
What colour will it be if negative (initial colour)?
Identifies Reducing sugars (Carbs)
+ = orange/ red
- = blue
What does Iodine help identify?
What colour will it be if positive?
What colour will it be if negative (initial colour)?
Identifies Starch
+ = blue/ black
- = yellow/ red/ brown
What does the Translucence test help identify?
What colour will it be if positive?
What colour will it be if negative (initial colour)?
Identifies Lipids
+ = Translucent
- = Opaque
What does the Biuret help identify?
What colour will it be if positive?
What colour will it be if negative (initial colour)?
Identifies Proteins
+ = Violet
- = Blue
What does Unsaturated mean?
Plant source- Contains Double bonds
What does Saturated mean?
Animal source- Contains No Double bonds
Where is Glycogen stored?
Liver and Muscles
What are proteins made up of?
Amino Acids
What are the different GOOD kinds of Fat/ Lipids?
Omega-6
Omega-3
What happens if you digest too much or to little proteins?
Too much= Kidney Failure
Too little= Kwashiorkor
When you are lacking Iron in the Hemoglobin what condition is this called?
Iron Deficiency Anemia.
What are Enzymes?
Proteins that speed up the chemical reaction in the body.
What is the lock and key model?
When an Enzyme has a place for the substrate to be known as an active site
It is a perfect fit hence the term lock (enzyme) and key (substrate) model
Give an example of a denatured (enzyme).
An enzyme is denatured at high temperatures.
What 4 factors affect Enzyme activity?
- Temperature
- pH
- Substrate concentration
- End product concentration
What are the parts of the digestive system in order?
Hint there’s 9
- Oral Cavity
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Duodenum
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Rectum
- Anus
Which are known as Accessory organs?
- Gall bladder
- Liver
- Appendix
- Salivary Glands
- Pancreas
What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
Heart Attack: when the flow of blood is blocked due to Low density Lipids (LDL)
Cardiac Arrest: When the heart stops beating
What are the 8 types of blood?
What kind of Transfusions can the host accept WITHOUT Agglutination (Blood Clots)?
- A+ = Only A+, A- or O-
- A- = Only A-, A+ or O-
- B+ = Only B+, B- or O-
- B- = Only B-, B+ or O-
- AB+ = Only A+, B+ or O-
- AB- = Only A-, B- or O-
- O+ = Only O+ or O-
- O- = Only O-
What are the 19 parts of the Heart?
Not in order
- Superior Vena Cava
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Bicuspid
- Tricuspid
- Right Semi lunar valve
- Left Semi lunar valve
- Ascending Aorta
- Right Pulmonary Veins
- Right Pulmonary Arteries
- Left Pulmonary Veins
- Right Pulmonary Arteries
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle
- Right Atrium
- Left Atrium
- Arteries
- Septum
- Apex
- Descending Aorta
What is an Antigen?
Molecules that attach themselves to our Erythrocytes.
What is an Antibody?
Proteins found in blood that
What are the body’s lines of defense?
Skin protects bacteria from entering body.
Earwax stops bacteria from entering earlobe.
Cilia and respiratory track keep bacteria away from lungs.
What is an example of a Parasite?
Head lice
Malaria
Giardia
What is an example of a Virus?
Influenza
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS)
What is the non medical term for bovine spongiform encephalopathy?
Mad cow Disease
What is Eurythroblastosis Fetalus?
When the blood of the mom is incompatible with the blood of her child in the womb.
What is the order of the respiratory system?
What are their functions?
- Nasal/ Oral cavity- Warms and moistens air.
- Pharynx- top of pharynx cleans air.
- Larynx- composed of 2 thin sheets of elastic ligaments called vocal cords.
- Trachea- Mucus traps debris that escape the hair in the nasal passage
- Bronchi- Also Known As Windpipe
- Bronchioles- The smaller branches of the Bronchi inside the lungs
- Alveoli- Where O2 and CO2 gas exchange
- Lungs- the location as to where gas exchange takes place.
During respiration (Inhalation):
The muscles\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The Diaphragm moves\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Intercostals move\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Volume in chest cavity\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Pressure in chest cavity\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Air moves\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Contract Down Out and Up Increases Decreases Inward
During Respiration (Exhalation):
The muscles\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The Diaphragm moves\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Intercostals move\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Volume in chest cavity\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Pressure in chest cavity\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Air moves\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Relax Up Down and in Decreases Increases Outward
What is the Diaphragm?
It is a dome like sheet of muscle that protects the thorax from the abdominal cavity.
What are your Intercostals?
the tissue/ muscle in-between your ribs.
What is Oxygen Transport?
Its when the Oxygen moves from the Alveoli into the blood and and dissolves in plasma.
Is Oxygen the only gas carried in the Hemoglobin?
If not what are the scientific names?
No, Oxygen and Carbon dioxide. When oxygen is inside the hemoglobin it is called “Oxyhemoglobin” Whereas Carbon dioxide is called”Carbomimohemoglobin”.
What is the percentage of Oxygen in our atmosphere?
21%
What is the process of respiration?
- Breathing- how air enters and exits the lungs
- External respiration- The exchange of O2 and CO2 molecules in the lungs
- Internal Respiration- The exchange of O2 and CO2 molecules between blood and tissue fluids
- Cellular respiration- production of ATP
Membranes are prevented from sticking by a_____________.
Film of Lipoprotein
When you inhale Oxygen is the pressure increasing or decreasing and is the volume increasing or decreasing in your lungs?
Volume is increasing and Pressure is decreasing
RANDOM FACTOID QUESTION!
How many muscles are in your body?
Over 600
WHAT?!
Are the Skeletal muscles (Skeleton) voluntary or involuntary? How so?
Voluntary, when you move your muscles to do anything such as walk you are using your skeletal muscles to move.
Are the Smooth muscles (walls of organs) voluntary or involuntary? How so?
Involuntary, You cant control when you digest your food. It happens all on its own!
Is the Cardiac muscle (Heart) voluntary or involuntary? How so?
Involuntary, Your heart is constantly pumping blood to your whole body you can not just make your own heart stop beating.
_______ attach bone to bone without damage.
Ligaments
When you flex (contract) your bicep are your triceps relaxed or contracted?
Relaxed
When you relax your biceps are your triceps relaxed or contracted?
Contracted
What is the hierarchy of Muscle structure?
- Muscle
- Muscle-fiber bundle
- Muscle fiber
- Myofibrils
- Myofilaments
What are the 2 types of Myofilaments?
Actin- thin filaments
Myosin- thick filaments
What is the Anatomy of the Kidney?
Any order
- Renal Cortex
- Renal Medulla
- Renal Artery
- Renal Vein
- Renal Pelvis
- Ureter
What is the Anatomy of the Excretory System?
Any order
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Descending Aorta
- Ureter
- Bladder
- Renal Artery
- Renal Vein
- Kidneys
- Urethra
What is the Anatomy of the Nephron?
Any order
- Branch of Renal Vein
- Glomerulus
- Bowman’s Capsule
- Proximal Tubule
- Capillary Network
- Loop of Henle
- Distal Tubule
- Collecting Duct
What is the order of blood purification in the Nephron?
Afferent Arteriole –>Glomerulus–>Efferent Arteriole
–>Peritubular Capillaries
What is the order of when converted into urine?
Loop of Henle–>Distal Tubule–>Collecting Duct–>Ureter–>Bladder–>Urethra
What is a simplified “Flow chart” of the Nephron to the Urethra?
Glomerulus–>Bowman’s Capsule–>Capsule Tubule–>Loop of Henle–>Distal Tubule–>Collecting Duct–>Ureter–>Bladder–>Urethra
What 3 Functions do the kidneys have?
- Remove Waste Products
- Balance Blood pH
- Maintain H2O Balance
What is ADH?
Anti Diuretic Hormone
