UNIT D CH.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process of changing, in successive stages, an environment from an area of bare rock and few species to a complex community.

A

Primary succession

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2
Q

Simple and hardy plants that first invade or colonize barren ground and change the environment to support more complex in life forms.

A

Pioneer species

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3
Q

The organic component of soil from the decomposed bodies of organism.

A

Humus

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4
Q

The stable community that results from the process of succession.

A

Climax community

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5
Q

The process of transforming a planet to be more like earth-like.

A

Terraforming

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6
Q

The return in stages to a stable climax community from an area that has had its vegetation but not its soil removed.

A

Secondary succession

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7
Q

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations.

A

Sustainable development

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8
Q

A species no longer existed

A

Extinct

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9
Q

Root out and destroyed completely

A

Extirpated

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10
Q

Cause (someone or something) to be vulnerable or at risk; endangered.

A

Threatened

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11
Q

Susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm.

A

Vulnerable

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12
Q

An economic system is a system of production, resource allocation, and distribution of goods and services within a society or a given geographic area.

A

Economic system

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13
Q

Is an approach to study human development that consists of the scientific study of the progressive, mutual accommodation throughout the life course between an active growing human being.

A

Ecological system

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14
Q

The amount of time it takes for a population to double its size.

A

Doubling time

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15
Q

The rapid growth in population caused by a constant increase.

A

Exponential growth

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16
Q

The distinctive shape of the graph for a population that is regularly increasing and growing exponentially.

A

Exponential curve/ J-Curve.

17
Q

A group of organisms that exists in a natural or artificial setting where immigration and emigration do not occur and numbers are only affected by birth and deaths

A

Closed population

18
Q

A group of organisms that exists in a natural setting where births, deaths, immigration, and emigration all affect the population numbers.

A

Open population

19
Q

The maximum number of individuals that can be sustained for a indefinite period in a given ecosystem

A

Carrying capacity/ S-Curve

20
Q

A single step in line of descent, grand mother, mother, and daughter represent three generations.

A

Generation

21
Q

The detailed shape and form of an animal.

A

Morphology

22
Q

The record of all life on earth as preserved by all fossils that exist, whether dig up or still in the ground.

A

Fossil record

23
Q

The theory that changes to the organisms in a population occur slowly and steadily over earths history.

A

Gradualism

24
Q

The theory that changes to the organisms in a population can occur in rapid sports followed by long periods of little change

A

Punctuated equilibrium

25
Q

The basic unit of inheritance passed down from parent to offspring.

A

Gene

26
Q

A change in a genetic instruction.

A

Mutation

27
Q

A difference in the frequency of genes and traits among individual organisms within a population

A

Variation

28
Q

Any structural trait or behavioural trait that improves an organisms succession.

A

Adaption

29
Q

A theory stating that the nature of a population gradually changes form over time.

A

Theory of evolution

30
Q

A theory stating that evolution takes place because more organisms are produced than can survive and only the organisms best suited to their environment survive to reproduce and, in turn, pass on their advantageous traits to their offspring.

A

Theory of natural selection

31
Q

The reproductive success of an organism, Darwinian fitness is not a measure of speed, strength, or health, although these things may influence reproductive success.

A

Darwinian Fitness

32
Q

The production of identical offspring from a single parent cell by budding, by the division of a single cell, or by the division of the entire organism into two or more parts

A

Asexual reproduction