UNIT D CH.2

Question 1

The process of changing, in successive stages, an environment from an area of bare rock and few species to a complex community.

Answer 1

Primary succession

Question 2

Simple and hardy plants that first invade or colonize barren ground and change the environment to support more complex in life forms.

Answer 2

Pioneer species

Question 3

The organic component of soil from the decomposed bodies of organism.

Answer 3

Humus

Question 4

The stable community that results from the process of succession.

Answer 4

Climax community

Question 5

The process of transforming a planet to be more like earth-like.

Answer 5

Terraforming

Question 6

The return in stages to a stable climax community from an area that has had its vegetation but not its soil removed.

Answer 6

Secondary succession

Question 7

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations.

Answer 7

Sustainable development

Question 8

A species no longer existed

Answer 8

Extinct

Question 9

Root out and destroyed completely

Answer 9

Extirpated

Question 10

Cause (someone or something) to be vulnerable or at risk; endangered.

Answer 10

Threatened

Question 11

Susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm.

Answer 11

Vulnerable

Question 12

An economic system is a system of production, resource allocation, and distribution of goods and services within a society or a given geographic area.

Answer 12

Economic system

Question 13

Is an approach to study human development that consists of the scientific study of the progressive, mutual accommodation throughout the life course between an active growing human being.

Answer 13

Ecological system

Question 14

The amount of time it takes for a population to double its size.

Answer 14

Doubling time

Question 15

The rapid growth in population caused by a constant increase.

Answer 15

Exponential growth

Question 16

The distinctive shape of the graph for a population that is regularly increasing and growing exponentially.

Answer 16

Exponential curve/ J-Curve.

Question 17

A group of organisms that exists in a natural or artificial setting where immigration and emigration do not occur and numbers are only affected by birth and deaths

Answer 17

Closed population

Question 18

A group of organisms that exists in a natural setting where births, deaths, immigration, and emigration all affect the population numbers.

Answer 18

Open population

Question 19

The maximum number of individuals that can be sustained for a indefinite period in a given ecosystem

Answer 19

Carrying capacity/ S-Curve

Question 20

A single step in line of descent, grand mother, mother, and daughter represent three generations.

Answer 20

Generation

Question 21

The detailed shape and form of an animal.

Answer 21

Morphology

Question 22

The record of all life on earth as preserved by all fossils that exist, whether dig up or still in the ground.

Answer 22

Fossil record

Question 23

The theory that changes to the organisms in a population occur slowly and steadily over earths history.

Answer 23

Gradualism

Question 24

The theory that changes to the organisms in a population can occur in rapid sports followed by long periods of little change

Answer 24

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 25

The basic unit of inheritance passed down from parent to offspring.

Answer 25

Gene

Question 26

A change in a genetic instruction.

Answer 26

Mutation

Question 27

A difference in the frequency of genes and traits among individual organisms within a population

Answer 27

Variation

Question 28

Any structural trait or behavioural trait that improves an organisms succession.

Answer 28

Adaption

Question 29

A theory stating that the nature of a population gradually changes form over time.

Answer 29

Theory of evolution

Question 30

A theory stating that evolution takes place because more organisms are produced than can survive and only the organisms best suited to their environment survive to reproduce and, in turn, pass on their advantageous traits to their offspring.

Answer 30

Theory of natural selection

Question 31

The reproductive success of an organism, Darwinian fitness is not a measure of speed, strength, or health, although these things may influence reproductive success.

Answer 31

Darwinian Fitness

Question 32

The production of identical offspring from a single parent cell by budding, by the division of a single cell, or by the division of the entire organism into two or more parts

Answer 32

Asexual reproduction