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chem 20 > unit c - topic two > Flashcards

unit c - topic two Flashcards

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1
Q

common uses of an acid

A

wart removal, enhance food flavor

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2
Q

common uses of an base

A

relieve indigestion (acidic stomach)

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3
Q

(naming acids) acids in pure form

A

are named like an ionic compound

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4
Q

(naming acids) acids in colution

A

given an acid name

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5
Q

hydrogen ____ ide —>

A

hydro_____ic acid

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6
Q

hydrogen _____ ate —->

A

______ ic acid

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7
Q

hydrogen _____ ite —->

A

____ ous acid

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8
Q

acids

A

neutralizes (partially) a base

  • colorless
  • blue to red
  • electrolyte
  • reacts with reactive metals, to create hydrogen
  • tastes sour
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9
Q

base

A

neutrallizes (partially) with acids

  • colorless
  • red turns blue
  • electrolyte
  • feels slippery tastes bitter
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10
Q

neutral solution

A

forms colored and colorless solutions

  • only ionic have color
  • does not affect litmus
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11
Q

electrolytes help to determine

A

strength

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12
Q

sir humphrey davy

A

discovered elements

-just the thought that hydrogen was responsible for acids properties

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13
Q

justin von lieberg

A

acids bare just salts of ionic compounds with hydrogen replacing the metal ion

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14
Q

neutralizes

A

balancing using acids + bases to cancel/balance out

-creates a salt –> cation and anion, with no net charge

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15
Q

what is this an example of

HCL + NaOH –> H2O + NaCl

A

neutralizing (creates a salt and water)

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16
Q

ionize

A

creating a seperation of charge

-can ionize molecular compounds

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17
Q

acids are not ____ but can ____

A

ionic, ionize

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18
Q

salt

A 
cation + anion then form neutral charge
              example Na(+)Cl(-)
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19
Q

svante arrehenius

A

provided first useful theoretical defintion
-acids are substances that ionize in water to form hydrogen ions, while
-bases are compounds that dissociate in water to form hydroxide ions
key- interacts with water

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20
Q

paul antoine giguere

A

hydrogen ions assosciate with a water molecule to form a hydronium ion > H3O

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21
Q

arrenhius acid

A

ionizes in water to form a Hydrogen ion and a balancing species

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22
Q

arrenhius base

A

dissosciates in water to form OH ion and a balancing species

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23
Q

balancing species

A

ion that is not hydrogen to balance out the charge

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24
Q

no current is a

A

molecular compound (do not dissosciate)

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25
Q

weak current is a

A

weak acids + bases

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26
Q

strong current is a

A

strong acid or base

27
Q

dissosciating vs ionzing

A
  • dissosciate is seperation of IONS, who are not literally attached
  • ionize literal seperation to create charge
28
Q

dissosciating

A

breakdown of a substance into smaller particles

29
Q

ionizing

A

process which atoms get a positive or negative charge

-formation of ions

30
Q

revision of arrhenius (acids)

A

acids are substances that react with water to produce hydronium ions

31
Q

revision of arrhenius (bases)

A

are substances that react with water to produce hydroxide ions

32
Q

straight arrow in an equation

A

strong acid/base

33
Q

arrow points either way

A

weak acid/base

34
Q

buffers

A

allows pH to stay at a certain point

-acid buffer or basic buffer

35
Q

polyprotic

A

things have two hydrogens

-there is going to be more of an answer

36
Q

negative ions that still have a hydrogen often can be

A

BOTH acids + bases

example- HSO3(-)

37
Q

since hydrogen isn’t a metal..

A

we don’t ignore it when finding the strength of an acid or base

38
Q

hydrogen gas (charge)

A

has a net charge of zero

39
Q

how do i know to use hydrogen gas

A

due to the balance in equation charge

  • since gas is neutral
  • other than gas hydrogen is +1
40
Q

metals (charge)

A

are not going to have a charge

41
Q

strong vs weak means

A

how capable it can ionize in water

42
Q

weak acids

A

ionize 50 percent less

  • weak conductors
  • mostly molecules
43
Q

strong acids

A
  • ionize 100 percent
  • strong conductors
  • only ions
44
Q

lower the pH

A

more acidic

45
Q

higher the pH

A

more basic

46
Q

pH at seven

A

neutral

47
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

not all the molecules stay seperat

-equal + opposite

48
Q

percent ioniziation (strong acid)

A

HA is going to turn into H- A+

49
Q

percent ionization (weak acids)

A

HB is going to turn into HB (mostly) (and small amounts of) H- A+

50
Q

weak acid info

A

ionize less than 50 percent in water

  • weakly conductive
  • contains mainly molecules in solution
51
Q

strong acid info

A

ionize 100 percent in water

  • strongly conductive
  • contains only ions in solution
52
Q

weak bases info

A

reacts partially with water to form relatively few hydroxide ions

53
Q

strong bases

A

dissosciate completely

-strong conductors

54
Q

empirical properties of strong acids

A

pH very low to low

  • high conductivity
  • fast reaction rate
55
Q

empirical properties of weak acids

A

pH low to medium

  • low conductivity
  • slow reaction rate
56
Q

empirical properties of strong bases

A

pH very high to high

  • strong conductors
  • fast reaction rate
57
Q

empirical properties of weak bases

A

pH medium to high

  • weak conductors
  • slow reaction rate
58
Q

monoprotic acids

A

only have a single hydrogen, thus can only loose one hydrogen to produce a hydronium ion
-react once with water

59
Q

polyprotic acids

A

contain more than one hydrogen

-can react multiple times with water, each time giving up a hydrogen

60
Q

monoprotic base

A

capable of only gaining one hydrogen from water to produce hydroxide ions

61
Q

polyprotic base

A

bases that are able to react with water more than once

-but all reactions are less than 50%

62
Q

how is the strength of a base determinded

A

by how well it can accept an H+ from the water it is reacting with (dissosciate)

  • strong base will react quickly, since it is able to accept the H+ very well
  • weak base will react slowly, since it is only partially able to accept the H+
63
Q

how is the strenght of an acid determinded

A

by how well it is able to give away a H+ to produce a hydronium ion (dissosciate)

  • strong acids react very quickly, since they are able to give away an H+ easily
  • weak acids react very slowly since they are not able to easily give away a H+

chem 20 (7 decks)

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