Unit C Lists Flashcards
How nitrogen can be fixed:
Bacteria in soil, bacteria on root nodes, lightning
Humans Changing Chemicals:
Agricultural activities, solid wastes, wastewater, fuel combustion, industrial processes
What makes up the earth? (%)
Minerals (45%), air (25%), water (25%), organic matter (5%)
Types of Organic molecules:
Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Nine macronutrients:
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium
Three ways for plants to get nutrients:
Diffusion, osmosis, active transport
Kinds of sugar:
Maltose (double), glucose (single)
5 Water Quality Categories:
human drinking water, recreation, livestock, irrigation, protection of aquatic life (HRLIP)
Two kinds of biological indicators:
Microbiological indicators, aquatic invertebrates
Kinds of aquatic invertebrates:
insects, crustaceans, worms and mollusks
The amount of dissolved oxygen in water depends on:
Temperature, turbulence, amount of photosynthesis, number of organisms (POTT)
Monitored indicators of water quality:
dissolved oxygen, plant nutrients, acidity, pesticides, heavy metals, salts
Main components of air:
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, <1% argon, 0.03% carbon dioxide, other trace gases
How to determine air quality:
measure pollutants in air, estimate emissions
Three sources of carbon dioxide:
breathing, cars, bonfires
Main greenhouse gases:
water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides
Affects of climate change:
more violent storms, flooding of coastal areas, melting glaciers, greater spread of disease, warming oceans, ocean acidification (FWOGMM)
Four kinds of material transport:
in air, in groundwater, in surface water, in soil
Chemicals can be transported by the air in 3 stages:
release at the source, dispersion in the atmosphere, deposition in soil or water by rain or snow
Factors affecting movement of groundwater:
number of pores in soil, connection of pores in soil
Substances that contaminate groundwater:
minerals in rock or soil, organic substances, leachate, leaked substances from storage tanks and pipelines, inorganic substances (ag, industries), microorganisms from septic tanks, household chemicals
Water on farmers field does 4 things:
evaporates, soak in to soil, runs onto street or stream, soaks through soil and moves downward
Concentration of a chemical can be reduced by:
dispersion, dilution, biodegradation, phytoremediation, photolysis
