Unit C - Conception, Pregnacy, Antepartum Flashcards
what is the union of sperm and ovum called?
ampulla
The sperm travels from ___ to the ____?
vagina to fallopian tube
What does the chemical change in the fertilization process do?
Prevents other sperm penetration
After the egg is fertilized it is called a ____?
zygote
How long does zygote migration take?
3-4 days
What is the cleavage (mitotic) cell division phases? (3)
Morula -> Blastocyst -> embryo/embryonic membrane
What is the endometrium?
The outside lining of the uterus
What is the endometrium called after implantation?
Decidua
When does cell differentiation occur?
After implantation
what is the function of the chorion?
fetal side of placenta & blood vessels covering the placenta
what is the function of the Amnion?
amniotic cavity (bag of waters), covers the vessels, & fetal surface of the placenta
what are the layers of the primary germ layers? from outer in?
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
what is the function of the amniotic fluid?
maintain temperature, prevent the sac from attaching to the fetal skin, allows for symmetric growth of the fetus, allows for fetal movement, acts as a cushion, protects the umbilical cord.
what is the umbilical cord formed from?
the amnion
arteries carry blood ______ to the fetus?
away
veins carry blood _____ to the fetus?
towards
average length of umbilical cord at birth?
55 cm, range from 30-90 cm
what is the function of the placenta?
fetal respiration, nutrition, and excretions. It also helps with hormones.
what hormones are founds in the placenta?
progesterone, estrogen, hCG, hPL(human placental lactogen)
what are the physiological diversions?
foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, ductus venus
how does pre-birth circulation occur?
blood enters the body through the umbilical vein. waste is returned though the umbilical artery.
how does post-birth circulation occur?
Foramen ovale closes within 2 hours after birth –Ductus arteriosus closes within 15 hours –Ductus venosus closes functionally when cord is cut
what is the zygote time frame?
day 1 to 14
when is the embryonic time frame?
day 15 to 8 weeks. 3cm long
when is the fetus time frame?
week 9 to birth
during the embryonic phase what are being developed?
organ systems and external features.
during _____ phase the baby is at increased risk for harm due to teratogens?
embryonic
during the _____ phase they are less at risk from teratogen, except for those that effect the CNS?
fetus stage
when is a fetus viable for birth?
20 weeks. when they weigh 500g
what are teratogens?
alcohol, drugs, chemicals, infections, maternal conditions, exposure to radiation.
what is antepartum?
pre-birth
what is intrapartum?
during birth
what is postpartum?
after-birth
a woman who is pregnant is called?
Gravida
a woman who has never been pregnant is called?
Nulligravida
the first pregnancy is called?
Primigravida
when a woman has had two or more pregnancies it is called?
Multigravida
what does Gravidity mean?
pregnancy
what does parity mean?
number of pregnancies in which fetus or fetuses have reached viability, not number of fetuses born
what is it called when a woman has reached fetal viability but not yet gave birth?
Nullipara
what is it called when a woman completed one pregnancy of fetal viability?
primipara
what is it called when a woman has reached two or more pregnancies to fatal viability?
mulitpara
what is the length of full-term pregnancy?
37-41 weeks
when is it considered pre-term pregnancy?
when birth occurs after 20 weeks.
when is it considered post-term pregnancy?
after 42 weeks.
how do you do Nägele’s rule?
1) identify the first day of LMP
2) count back 3 months
3) add 7 days
what is Nägele’s rule used to determine?
estimated date of birth
what is the time frame for the first trimester?
week 1-13
what is the time frame for the second trimester?
week 14-26
what is the time frame for the third trimester?
week 27-40
what are some of the first signs of pregnancy?
missed period, Amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, urinary frequency, fatigue, quickening
what is quickening?
feeling the fetus’ movement
what are some PROBABLE ways of determining pregnancy?
pregnancy tests, uterine enlargement, Braxton Hicks contractions
what are positive indicators for pregnancy?
fetal heart beat, feeling fetal movement by other person, and ultra sound
what happens to the uterus when pregnant?
changes in size/shape
what happens to the cervic when pregnant?
it gains a mucus plug
what happens to the ovaries during pregnancy?
it produces progesterone
what happens to the vagina during pregnancy?
its pH decreases
what happens to breasts during pregnancy?
They become full/heavy.
heightened sensitivity
Areolae become more pigmented
produce colostrum
what is supine hypertension syndrome?
when a woman lies flat on her back and it causes the inferior vena cava blood flow to be stopped.
what can supine hypertension syndrome lead to?
fetal hypoxia
what are danger signs for pregnancy?
sudden gush of fluid from vagina, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, excessive vomiting, reduced urine output
what are danger signs for pregnancy?
epigastric pain, edema on face/hands, severe headache, blurred vision and a temp over 100.4F
preterm labor occurs between week ___ and week ____?
20 & 37
signs/symptoms of preterm labor?
cramping, abdominal pain, and back aching
corticoids used for preterm labor?
betamethasone
